Neurotransmission: peptide transmitters turn 36

Nusbaum, Michael P.

doi:10.1242/jeb.151340

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Neuropeptides are powerful neuromodulations that regulate neuronal activity and communication in a variety of ways (Guillaumin and Burdakov, 2021; Nusbaum, 2017). It has recently become appreciated that many neurons co-express genes for both classical neurotransmitters and one or more neuropeptides (Kramer et al, 2018; Smith et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuromodulators play a critical role in nervous system activity via their regulation of neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity (Guillaumin and Burdakov, 2021; Nusbaum, 2017). The largest family of known neuromodulators are neuropeptides—small short-chain polypeptides that act via metabotropic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Castro and Bruchas, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrin-releasing peptide signaling in the nucleus accumbens medial shell regulates neuronal excitability and motivation

Aisenberg,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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SummaryNeuropeptides are the largest class of neuromodulators, which can be co-released together with classical neurotransmitters. It has been shown that subpopulations of dopamine neurons express mRNA for the neuropeptide Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP); however, its functional relevance in dopaminergic circuits is unknown. Here, we find that the GRP receptor (GRPR) is present in the nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAc MSh), which is targeted by GRP-expressing midbrain dopamine neurons as well as glutamatergic inputs from the hippocampus and amygdala. We show that the NAc MSh GRPR-positive cells are a subpopulation of D2 receptor-expressing neurons, which have high intrinsic excitability and can be activated by GRPin vivo. Selective deletion ofGrprfrom the NAc MSh increases motivation in a progressive ratio test, indicating a role for GRPR in motivated behaviors. These experiments establish GRP/GRPR signaling as a novel regulator of mesolimbic circuits and advance our understanding of neuropeptides in the striatum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrin-releasing peptide signaling in the nucleus accumbens medial shell regulates neuronal excitability and motivation

Aisenberg,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although there is some disagreement as to how many of these criteria there are, Jan and Jan ( 1982 ) were able to convincingly satisfy those that are most commonly considered crucial. For example, they demonstrated that the peptide they studied (LH-RH) is present in presynaptic terminals, and is released in a calcium dependent manner, Further, a late, slow EPSP was mimicked by application of exogenous LH-RH, and blocked by LH-RH antagonists (for a detailed discussion of this work see Nusbaum, 2017 ).…”

Section: Peptide Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide Cotransmitters as Dynamic, Intrinsic Modulators of Network Activity

Cropper

Jing

Vilim

et al. 2018

Front. Neural Circuits

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Neurons can contain both neuropeptides and “classic” small molecule transmitters. Much progress has been made in studies designed to determine the functional significance of this arrangement in experiments conducted in invertebrates and in the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. In this review article, we describe some of this research. In particular, we review early studies that related peptide release to physiological firing patterns of neurons. Additionally, we discuss more recent experiments informed by this early work that have sought to determine the functional significance of peptide cotransmission in the situation where peptides are released from neurons that are part of (i.e., are intrinsic to) a behavior generating circuit in the CNS. In this situation, peptide release will presumably be tightly coupled to the manner in which a network is activated. For example, data obtained in early studies suggest that peptide release will be potentiated when behavior is executed rapidly and intervals between periods of neural activity are relatively short. Further, early studies demonstrated that when neural activity is maintained, there are progressive changes (e.g., increases) in the amount of peptide that is released (even in the absence of a change in neural activity). This suggests that intrinsic peptidergic modulators in the CNS are likely to exert effects that are manifested dynamically in an activity-dependent manner. This type of modulation is likely to differ markedly from the modulation that occurs when a peptide hormone is present at a relatively fixed concentration in the blood.

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“…The definition is rather vague in terms of chain length, although an arbitrary upper limit of 6000 Da has been assigned to label these molecules peptides, and polymers above that molecular mass are considered proteins [1]. They are ubiquitous in nature and have a role in most physiological processes as host defense (antimicrobial) agents [2], (neuro)hormones [3,4], and toxins [5]. Peptide research has experienced considerable development in the last decades, and over 7000 peptides have been identified in nature [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving a Peptide: Library Platforms and Diversification Strategies

Bozovičar

Bratkovič

2019

IJMS

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Peptides are widely used in pharmaceutical industry as active pharmaceutical ingredients, versatile tools in drug discovery, and for drug delivery. They find themselves at the crossroads of small molecules and proteins, possessing favorable tissue penetration and the capability to engage into specific and high-affinity interactions with endogenous receptors. One of the commonly employed approaches in peptide discovery and design is to screen combinatorial libraries, comprising a myriad of peptide variants of either chemical or biological origin. In this review, we focus mainly on recombinant peptide libraries, discussing different platforms for their display or expression, and various diversification strategies for library design. We take a look at well-established technologies as well as new developments and future directions.

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Neurotransmission: peptide transmitters turn 36

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Gastrin-releasing peptide signaling in the nucleus accumbens medial shell regulates neuronal excitability and motivation

Gastrin-releasing peptide signaling in the nucleus accumbens medial shell regulates neuronal excitability and motivation

Peptide Cotransmitters as Dynamic, Intrinsic Modulators of Network Activity

Evolving a Peptide: Library Platforms and Diversification Strategies

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