Neurovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction in Hypertension

Iadecola, Costantino; Gottesman, Rebecca F.

doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.313260

Cited by 372 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 205 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…This result could be explained because stroke is a cause of VD and hypertension is a strong stroke risk factor. In several studies, antihypertensive medication use has been associated with less cognitive decline [24,34]. Our study reaffirmed that lowering blood pressure helps prevent dementia, especially VD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In a recent large trial, the FINGER study [23], a multidomain lifestyle intervention program including nutrition, exercise, and cognitive training focusing on metabolic risk management improved the cognitive function of at-risk older people. Also, cardiovascular medication, especially antihypertensive medication, showed some benefit for dementia risk [24]. Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia have less evidence, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Dementia

Lee

Shin

Han

et al. 2020

JCM

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This study investigated the effects of changes in metabolic syndrome (MS) status and each component on subsequent dementia occurrence. The study population was participants of a biennial National Health Screening Program in 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 in Korea. Participants were divided into four groups according to change in MS status during the two-year interval screening: sustained normal, worsened (normal to MS), improved (MS to normal), and sustained MS group. Risk of dementia among the groups was estimated from the second screening date to 31 December 2016 using a Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 4,106,590 participants were included. The mean follow-up was 4.9 years. Compared to the sustained normal group, adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) (95% confidence interval) were 1.11 (1.08–1.13) for total dementia, 1.08 (1.05–1.11) for Alzheimer’s disease, and 1.20 (1.13–1.28) for vascular dementia in the worsened group; 1.12 (1.10–1.15), 1.10 (1.07–1.13), and 1.19 (1.12–1.27) for the improved group; and 1.18 (1.16–1.20), 1.13 (1.11–1.15), and 1.38 (1.32–1.44) for the sustained MS group. Normalization of MS lowered the risk of all dementia types; total dementia (aHR 1.18 versus 1.12), Alzheimer’s disease (1.13 versus 1.10), and vascular dementia (1.38 versus 1.19). Among MS components, fasting glucose and blood pressure showed more impact. In conclusion, changes in MS status were associated with the risk of dementia. Strategies to improve MS, especially hyperglycemia and blood pressure, may help to prevent dementia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Dementia

Lee

Shin

Han

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…This vessel damage can cause elevated BP that can eventually lead to impaired cerebral blood flow. 57 In agreement with this, Kent et al, 40 found that cherry juice not only significantly improved cognitive function but also decreased systolic BP in older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia. Relatedly, Keane et al, 42 demonstrated that 60 ml Montmorency tart cherry juice concentrate acutely lowered systolic BP over a period of three hours and modulated cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex of younger men with early hypertension compared to control group.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 64%

Effect of Montmorency tart cherry juice on cognitive performance in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2019

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Hypertension, inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the development of cognitive impairment. Our previous study demonstrated that tart cherry juice can lower systolic blood pressure (BP) and improve inflammatory and oxidative stress status in older adults. As part of our previous trial, we explored whether daily consumption of tart cherry juice would improve cognitive abilities. In this randomized controlled trial, 37 adults between the ages of 65-80 with normal cognitive function were recruited and randomly assigned to consume two cups of Montmorency tart cherry juice for 12 weeks. Subjective memory and objective cognitive performance were assessed at baseline and after the 12-week juice supplementation using a validated subjective memory questionnaire and a standardized battery of tests. Daily caloric intake and physical activity levels were assessed throughout the study period. After the intervention, participants in the tart cherry group had higher contentment with memory scores (mean difference of 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.2; p = 0.02), lowered their scores of movement time (mean difference of −10.4; 95% CI: −13.4 to −7.5; p = 0.03) as well as performed better on the paired associates learning task (mean difference of −8.5; 95% CI: −12.5 to −4.5; p = 0.02) compared to the control group. The within-group analysis showed that the visual sustained attention ( p < 0.0001) and spatial working memory ( p = 0.06) improved after the 12-week consumption of tart cherry juice compared with corresponding baseline values. Daily tart cherry juice consumption may improve cognitive abilities. This may be through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of tart cherry and its ability to lower BP. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

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“…Emerging as a leading cause of age-related cognitive dysfunction, hypertension is known to be linked to VD, and is also associated with AD and other adverse cognitive outcomes (Crous-Bou et al, 2017;Iadecola and Gottesman, 2019). These evidences primarily come from many epidemiological studies, which strongly support the idea that hypertension is clearly correlated with steeper cognitive decline.…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Links Between Adiponectin and Dementia: From Risk Factors to Pathophysiology

Chen

Shu

Zeng

2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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With the aging population, dementia is becoming one of the most serious and troublesome global public health issues. Numerous studies have been seeking for effective strategies to delay or block its progression, but with little success. In recent years, adiponectin (APN) as one of the most abundant and multifunctional adipocytokines related to anti-inflammation, regulating glycogen metabolism and inhibiting insulin resistance (IR) and anti-atherosclerosis, has attracted widespread attention. In this article, we summarize recent studies that have contributed to a better understanding of the extent to which APN influences the risks of developing dementia as well as its pathophysiological progression. In addition, some controversial results interlinked with its effects on cognitive dysfunction diseases will be critically discussed. Ultimately, we aim to gain a novel insight into the pleiotropic effects of APN levels in circulation and suggest potential therapeutic target and future research strategies.

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Neurovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction in Hypertension

Cited by 372 publications

References 205 publications

Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Dementia

Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Dementia

Effect of Montmorency tart cherry juice on cognitive performance in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Links Between Adiponectin and Dementia: From Risk Factors to Pathophysiology

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