Neurovascular foramina of the human clavicle and their clinical significance

Abstract

The present study observed that the foramina were more common on the posterior surface and were often multiple, directed toward the acromial end. Knowledge of the localization of nutrient foramina can be useful in certain surgical procedures to preserve circulation. We believe that the data obtained from the present study would be of interest to clinicians who are involved in procedures such as bone grafting, surgical approach for internal fixation and coracoclavicular ligament repair.

Number and distribution of nutrient foramina within the femoral neck and their relationship to the retinacula of Weitbrecht: an anatomical study

“…Few studies have been published concerning the length of the femoral bone and its relationship to the number/size of foramina within the femoral neck. However, according to several studies (Murlimanju et al 2011a, b, c; Kizilkanat et al 2007), the distribution of the nutrient foramina within the femoral shaft is not related to the length of the femoral shaft. Larger prospective studies are needed, therefore, to provide clinical data regarding gender and sidedness and also to explore the effect of femoral shaft length on the number of nutrient foramina within the femoral neck.…”

“…Most studies evaluating numbers, locations, and levels of femoral nutrient foramina (Santolini et al 2014; Imre et al 2012; Murlimanju et al 2011a, b, c) have focused primarily on the shaft or diaphysis of the femur; few have been based on the MDCT (Imre et al 2012). None of those studies provided conclusive evidence concerning the number of foramina (Santolini et al 2014).…”

The Study of Nutrient Foramina in Human Clavicle

“…Knowledge of localisation of nutrient foramen is useful in surgical procedures to preserve the circulation. 10 Since, the clavicle is significant source for bone grafting, the awareness of position of nutrient foramen is very helpful.…”

“…But, in 10 study, 55.8% were on the inferior surface and 69.2% were on posterior surface and 1.9% was on superior surface. 10 In 11 study, 49.2% were on the inferior surface and 50.8% were on the posterior surface. Nutrient vessels occupying the nutrient foramina are usually derived from the vessels, which have taken part in the initial invasion of the ossifying cartilage, so that the nutrient foramen is at the original centre of ossification.…”

“…In Muralmanju's study, total foremen studied were 52.20 (38.5%) showed single, 23 (44.2%) showed double and more than 2 foramen in 7 (3.4%) clavicle were seen. 10 In study, total number of foramen were 82, single seen in 21 (42%) and double in 26 (33.8%) clavicles.…”