Neurovirulent Toscana Virus (A Sandfly Fever Virus) in Swedish Man After Visit to Portugal

Ehrnst, Anneka; Peters, C. J.; Niklasson, Bo; Svedmyr, Arne; Holmgren, B

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92886-7

Cited by 92 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In fact, several cases of aseptic meningitis in tourists returning from Italy, Spain or France were related to TOSV. Some infections imported into Germany by people returning from a vacation in Tuscany, France, Spain or Portugal have been reported [11, 12, 49, 58-61]. Another case of imported TOSV infection has been recorded in the Netherlands, where a patient with meningoencephalitis was hospitalized after a vacation in central Italy during the summer [62].…”

Section: Tosv In the Rest Of Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Toscana Virus Epidemiology: From Italy to Beyond

Cusi¹

2010

TOVJ

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Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus which is transmitted to humans by Phlebotomus spp sandflies. Infection is the cause of brain injuries, such as aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis, in Italy mainly during the summer. More recently some unusual clinical manifestations due to TOSV with severe sequelae, such as ischemic complications and hydrocephalus, have been reported. TOSV represents an important emerging pathogen and its presence is being investigated in several European countries on the Mediterranean basin, including Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and Cyprus. Phylogenetic analysis has distinguished two genotypes of TOSV, A and B; the first is circulating mainly in Italy and the second in Spain, indicating a different geographic distribution possibly related to the vector. This distribution, evolving with the climate, globalization and habitat modification, has implications for the epidemiology of TOSV.

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Section: Tosv In the Rest Of Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Toscana Virus Epidemiology: From Italy to Beyond

Cusi¹

2010

TOVJ

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“…At present, no data on the seroprevalence of antibodies to TOS are available from Spain and Portugal but as clinical infections have been reported from these areas, it is likely that the virus is present. To date, only a few cases of TOS infection have been reported in visitors from non-endemic areas travelling to Italy, Cyprus, Spain, and Portugal [15][16][17][18], and in view of the large number of visitors travelling to these areas during the months of vector activity, the infrequent reports of sandfly fever are surprising. In this study, most tourists had been infected in Tuscany, Italy but one patient had acquired the infection in Coimbra, Portugal, an area from where TOS infection has never been reported.…”

Section: Immunoglobulinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phlebotomus sandflies are active in some Mediterranean countries, as indicated by the presence of leishmaniasis which is also transmitted by these vectors [12,13]. Recent studies in endogenous populations and case reports of infection in tourists indicate that TOS is endemic in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Marche, and also in Algarve, Catalonia and Cyprus [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SFS and SFN generally cause a febrile illness with headaches lasting for several days [7,14,20,21], whereas TOS infection is characterized by high fever, severe headaches, and aseptic meningitis with long convalescence [16][17][18]22]. At present, only a few cases of TOS infection have been reported in individuals from nonendemic areas [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, only a few cases of TOS infection have been reported in individuals from nonendemic areas [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Because millions of visitors travel to the Mediterranean countries each year, there is a potential risk of travel-related TOS infections, but many clinicians in most non-endemic countries are unaware of this possibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serosurvey and laboratory diagnosis of imported sandfly fever virus, serotype Toscana, infection in Germany

et al. 1995

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SUMMARYOf eight acute infections in German tourists caused by sandfly fever virus, serotype Toscana (TOS), and diagnosed clinically and serologically, seven were acquired during visits to Tuscany, Italy, and one to Coimbra, Portugal. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using infected cells, and a newly developed enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) using crude virus antigen prepared from infected Vero-E6 cells was used to detect anti-TOS IgM and IgG. In a seroepidemiological survey of 859 health care workers and medical students, anti-TOS IgG was detected in 1-0% by IFA, and in 0 7 % by EIA. In 2034 German patients hospitalized for various diseases, 1 6 % were positive for anti-TOS IgG by IFA, and 0-8 % by EIA. Anti-TOS IgG was detected in 43 samples of commercial immunoglobulins at titres of 10-1000 by EIA. Although the seroprevalence of antibodies to TOS is low in Germany, TOS infection should be considered in patients returning from endemic areas who complain of fever, and headaches, and have symptoms of meningitis.

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Immunoblot detection of antibodies to Toscana virus

et al. 1996

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Sera from patients with sandfly fever caused by Toscana virus (TOSV) infection were tested by immunoblot for specific antibody response to TOSV derived from infected Vero-E6 cells. The 28 kDa TOSV nucleoprotein (N) was identified as the major immunodominant protein recognized by immunoblot. In sera of patients with acute TOSV infection, specific antibodies of the IgM, IgA, and IgG class were detected. Using sandfly fever virus, serotypes Sicilian (SFSV) and Naples (SFNV), as antigens for immunoblot, TOSV antibody-positive sera cross-reacted with the corresponding N proteins. These sera reacted for IgM and IgG by SFSV immunoblot, and for IgM by SFNV immunoblot. The diagnosis of sandfly fever may be confirmed by TOSV immunoblot.

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Neurovirulent Toscana Virus (A Sandfly Fever Virus) in Swedish Man After Visit to Portugal

Cited by 92 publications

References 2 publications

Toscana Virus Epidemiology: From Italy to Beyond

Toscana Virus Epidemiology: From Italy to Beyond

Serosurvey and laboratory diagnosis of imported sandfly fever virus, serotype Toscana, infection in Germany

Immunoblot detection of antibodies to Toscana virus

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