Neutral complexes of Ga2X4 (X = Cl, Br) containing GaGa bonds: The crystal and molecular structure of Ga2Cl4 · 2Pyridine

Beamish, J. C.; Boardman, Alan; Small, R. W. H.; Worrall, I. J.

doi:10.1016/s0277-5387(00)84068-1

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A strong strain must result, which causes short E−E bond lengths. While that of the digallium compound 7 (240.5 pm) is in the lower range of Ga−Ga single‐bond lengths reported for digallium( II ) halides Ga 2 X 4 (L) 2 ,12 for instance, and is similar to that of the starting subhalide 5 (240.1 pm), the bridging of the In−In bond forces a very close In−In contact in 8 of 265.4 pm, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the shortest value reported so far 13. The In−In single bonds in the starting subhalides 4 and 6 (Scheme ) are considerably longer (282 pm on average) 3,6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Reactivity of Organoelement Subhalides of Gallium and Indium — Ga−Ga and In−In Bonds Bridged by Carboxylato Ligands

Uhl

El‐Hamdan

2004

Eur J Inorg Chem

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The organoelement subhalides R2Ga2I2 (5) and R3In3I2 [6; R = C(SiMe3)3] reacted with silver benzoate AgOOCC6H5 to yield the dicarboxylato dielement compounds R2E2(µ‐OOCC6H5‐O,O′)2 (7, E = Ga; 8, E = In). Both compounds possess E−E single bonds bridged by the chelating carboxylato ligands. The chelating groups are arranged perpendicular to one another. Owing to the small bite of the carboxylato group very short E−E bond lengths of 240.5 pm (Ga−Ga) and 265.4 pm (In−In) were observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Reactivity of Organoelement Subhalides of Gallium and Indium — Ga−Ga and In−In Bonds Bridged by Carboxylato Ligands

Uhl

El‐Hamdan

2004

Eur J Inorg Chem

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confidence: 99%

“…21 The crystal structures for the other two compounds are unknown; however, the presence of a Ga−Ga bond has been inferred from Raman spectroscopy for both. 20 The purity of the compounds was confirmed by Ga and Cl ICP-MS elemental analysis and 13 C MAS NMR (Supporting Information). The ultrawideline 69/71 Ga and 35 Cl (all are spin-3/2 nuclides) NMR spectra of powdered samples of 1, 2, and 3 were acquired using the WURST-QCPMG pulse sequence 24 in a magnetic field of 21.1 T (see Figure 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct Characterization of Metal–Metal Bonds between Nuclei with Strong Quadrupolar Interactions via NMR Spectroscopy

Perras

Bryce

2014

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Metal-metal bonds can be difficult to characterize directly. We demonstrate that J couplings between metal nuclei experiencing strong quadrupolar interactions can be easily measured from well-defined splittings in NMR spectra of powdered samples. Using (69/71)Ga NMR, it is shown that homonuclear J coupling, which is four orders of magnitude smaller than the quadrupolar coupling in a series of compounds featuring gallium-gallium bonds, can be extracted with a 2-D NMR experiment. The dependence of the multiplets on crystal symmetry reveals information on the structures of two Ga-Ga-bonded compounds for which diffraction data are unavailable. Interpretation of the data in a molecular orbital framework provides insight into the nature of the metal-metal bond.

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“…[43] If the calculations are correct, this molecule, which should exhibit a Ga À Ga s bond, has a dissociation energy much higher than that of Ga 2 . Vibrational spectra measured for Ga 2 Cl 4 ·2 L [48] and Ga 2 I 4 ·2 L [49] (where L are ligands, for example, THF or dioxane) span regions of 213-258 cm À1 and 118-145 cm…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Isolated Ga₂ Molecules by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Variations of GaGa Bonding

Himmel

Gaertner

2004

Chemistry A European J

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Isolated Ga2 dimers were characterized in an argon matrix with the aid of resonance Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The resonance Raman spectra gave evidence of not only the nu(Ga-Ga) fundamental, but also four overtones. Each of the signals exhibits 69Ga/71Ga isotopic splitting leading to the triplet pattern characteristic of two equivalent Ga atoms. On the basis of the experimental data, a harmonic frequency and anharmonicity constant have been determined for Ga2. An estimate of the dissociation energy on the assumption of a Morse-type potential energy curve results in a De value (upper limit) of about 145 kJ mol(-1). The force constant (64.8+/-0.3 N m(-1)) and dissociation energy of Ga2 are compared with those of other diatomics and those of molecules featuring Ga-Ga bonds.

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Neutral complexes of Ga2X4 (X = Cl, Br) containing GaGa bonds: The crystal and molecular structure of Ga2Cl4 · 2Pyridine

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Reactivity of Organoelement Subhalides of Gallium and Indium — Ga−Ga and In−In Bonds Bridged by Carboxylato Ligands

Reactivity of Organoelement Subhalides of Gallium and Indium — Ga−Ga and In−In Bonds Bridged by Carboxylato Ligands

Direct Characterization of Metal–Metal Bonds between Nuclei with Strong Quadrupolar Interactions via NMR Spectroscopy

Characterization of Isolated Ga₂ Molecules by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Variations of GaGa Bonding

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Neutral complexes of Ga2X4 (X = Cl, Br) containing GaGa bonds: The crystal and molecular structure of Ga2Cl4 · 2Pyridine

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Reactivity of Organoelement Subhalides of Gallium and Indium — Ga−Ga and In−In Bonds Bridged by Carboxylato Ligands

Reactivity of Organoelement Subhalides of Gallium and Indium — Ga−Ga and In−In Bonds Bridged by Carboxylato Ligands

Direct Characterization of Metal–Metal Bonds between Nuclei with Strong Quadrupolar Interactions via NMR Spectroscopy

Characterization of Isolated Ga2 Molecules by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Variations of GaGa Bonding

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Characterization of Isolated Ga₂ Molecules by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Variations of GaGa Bonding