Neutral endopeptidase inhibits prostate cancer tumorigenesis by reducing FGF-2-mediated angiogenesis

Horiguchi, Akio; Chen, D Y T; Goodman, Oscar B.; Zheng, Rong; Shen, Ruoqian; Guan, Hao; Hersh, Louis B.; Nanus, David M.

doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500984

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A recent study found that down‐regulation of TGF‐β2 stabilizes endothelial tube formation (DiMaio et al 2014). The up‐regulated MME encodes the membrane metalloendopeptidase/CD10, which inhibits angiogenesis by degrading several angiogenic factors (Kajiyama et al 2005; Horiguchi et al 2008). Expression of some members of the VEGF pathway were down‐regulated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A function-blocking CD47 antibody modulates extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular signaling between breast carcinoma cells and endothelial cells

Kaur

Elkahloun

Singh

et al. 2017

J. Cell Commun. Signal.

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Tumor cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the tumor microenvironment that may facilitate malignant progression and metastasis. Breast carcinoma EVs express high levels of the thrombospondin-1 and signal regulatory protein-α receptor CD47, which is the target of several experimental therapeutics currently in clinical trials. We analyzed changes in gene expression and function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by treatment with EVs derived from breast carcinoma cells and the effects of the function-blocking CD47 antibody B6H12 on the resulting intercellular communication. CD47 EVs exhibited greater uptake by HUVEC compared to CD47 EVs, but the CD47 antibody did not inhibit their uptake. Global and targeted analyses of transcripts demonstrated that treatment of HUVEC with EVs derived from MDA-MB-231 breast carcinomas cells altered pathways associated with tumor necrosis factor-α signaling, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix. EVs from triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells were more active than EVs from less metastatic breast carcinoma cell lines. Treatment with MDA-MB-231 EVs down-regulated VEGFR2 mRNA expression and tyrosine phosphorylation while enhancing phosphorylation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. VEGFR2 expression and phosphorylation in HUVEC was further inhibited by the CD47 antibody. Consistent with the observed changes in endothelial-mesenchymal transition genes and SHP2, treatment with MDA-MB-231-derived EVs decreased Zeb1 protein levels in HUVEC, whereas the CD47 antibody increased Zeb1 levels. The induction of E-selectin and other known targets of tumor necrosis factor-α signaling by EVs was also enhanced by the CD47 antibody, and E-selectin was the most up-regulated transcript following CD47 antibody treatment alone. These studies reveal several mechanisms by which therapeutics targeting CD47 could modulate tumor growth by altering the cross talk between cancer-derived EVs and nonmalignant cells in the tumor stroma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A function-blocking CD47 antibody modulates extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular signaling between breast carcinoma cells and endothelial cells

Kaur

Elkahloun

Singh

et al. 2017

J. Cell Commun. Signal.

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“…It catalyzes the degradation of various neuropeptides implicated in migration, proliferation and contraction, including atrial naturetic peptide (ANP), enkephalins, substance P, bradykinin, endothelin-1 and angiotensin II 1 . Among growth factors, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is cleaved by NEP but PDGF and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) are not 3 . In addition to its peptidase activity basic amino acid residues in the tail of NEP contribute to protein–protein interactions resulting in modulation of signaling factors in prostate cancer cell lines 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neprilysin Regulates Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Through a Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor–Dependent Mechanism

et al. 2013

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Reduced neprilysin (NEP), a cell surface metallopeptidase, which cleaves and inactivates pro-inflammatory and vasoactive peptides, predisposes the lung vasculature to exaggerated remodeling in response to hypoxia. We hypothesize that loss of NEP in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) results in increased migration and proliferation. PASMCs isolated from NEP−/− mice exhibited enhanced migration and proliferation in response to serum and PDGF, which was attenuated by NEP replacement. Inhibition of NEP by overexpression of a peptidase dead mutant or knockdown by siRNA in NEP+/+ cells increased migration and proliferation. Loss of NEP led to an increase in Src kinase activity and phosphorylation of PTEN resulting in activation of the PDGF receptor (PDGFR). Knockdown of Src kinase with siRNA or inhibition with PP2 a src kinase inhibitor decreased PDGFRY751 phosphorylation and attenuated migration and proliferation in NEP−/− SMCs. NEP substrates, endothelin-1(ET-1) or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), increased activation of Src and PDGFR in NEP+/+ cells, which was decreased by an ETAR antagonist, neutralizing antibody to FGF2 and Src inhibitor. Similar to the observations in PASMCs levels of p-PDGFR, p-Src and p-PTEN were elevated in NEP−/− lungs. ETAR antagonist also attenuated the enhanced responses in NEP−/−PASMCs and lungs. Taken together our results suggest a novel mechanism for regulation of PDGFR signaling by NEP substrates involving Src and PTEN. Strategies that increase lung NEP activity/expression or target key downstream effectors, like Src, PTEN or PDGFR, may be of therapeutic benefit in pulmonary vascular disease.

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“…In support of this, NEP has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis in prostate cancer. 46 Further studies are needed to determine whether NEP activity toward other substrates regulates epithelial breast cancer cells or the surrounding tumor microenvironment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic suppression of neprilysin regulates breast cancer invasion

et al. 2016

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In women, invasive breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death. Therefore, identifying novel regulators of breast cancer invasion could lead to additional biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Neprilysin, a cell-surface enzyme that cleaves and inactivates a number of substrates including endothelin-1 (ET1), has been implicated in breast cancer, but whether neprilysin promotes or inhibits breast cancer cell progression and metastasis is unclear. Here, we asked whether neprilysin expression predicts and functionally regulates breast cancer cell invasion. RT–PCR and flow cytometry analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines revealed decreased neprilysin expression compared with normal epithelial cells. Expression was also suppressed in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) compared with normal tissue. In addition, in vtro invasion assays demonstrated that neprilysin overexpression decreased breast cancer cell invasion, whereas neprilysin suppression augmented invasion. Furthermore, inhibiting neprilysin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells increased ET1 levels significantly, whereas overexpressing neprilysin decreased extracellular-signal related kinase (ERK) activation, indicating that neprilysin negatively regulates ET1-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. To determine whether neprilysin was epigenetically suppressed in breast cancer, we performed bisulfite conversion analysis of breast cancer cells and clinical tumor samples. We found that the neprilysin promoter was hypermethylated in breast cancer; chemical reversal of methylation in MDA-MB-231 cells reactivated neprilysin expression and inhibited cancer cell invasion. Analysis of cancer databases revealed that neprilysin methylation significantly associates with survival in stage I IDC and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer subtypes. These results demonstrate that neprilysin negatively regulates the ET axis in breast cancer, and epigenetic suppression of neprilysin in invasive breast cancer cells enables invasion. Together, this implicates neprilysin as an important regulator of breast cancer invasion and clarifies its utility as a potential biomarker for invasive breast cancer.

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Neutral endopeptidase inhibits prostate cancer tumorigenesis by reducing FGF-2-mediated angiogenesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

A function-blocking CD47 antibody modulates extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular signaling between breast carcinoma cells and endothelial cells

A function-blocking CD47 antibody modulates extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular signaling between breast carcinoma cells and endothelial cells

Neprilysin Regulates Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Through a Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor–Dependent Mechanism

Epigenetic suppression of neprilysin regulates breast cancer invasion

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