Neutralization of HIV-1 and Inhibition of HIV-1-Induced Syncytia by 1,8-Naphthalimide Photoactive Compound

Abstract

The antiviral property of a newly designed class of 1,8-naphthalimide photochemical compounds was investigated. One such photoactive compound, 1,14-bis-(N-hexyl-3'-bromo-1,8'-naphthalimide-4'-yl)-1,4,11,14- tetraazatetradecane-5,10-dione (diED66Br), when activated to an excited state by visible light (420 nm), effectively neutralized the in vitro infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Light-activated diED66Br also inhibited syncytium formation induced by cells infected with HIV-1. Nonactivated diED66Br was completely ineffective. The neutralizing and syncytium-inhibiting doses of activated diED66Br had no effect on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that diED66Br neutralizing activity resulted primarily from its ability to inhibit the binding of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the CD4 cellular receptors. Although the exact molecular mechanism of viral neutralization by diED66Br has not been elucidated, its ability to neutralize HIV-1 infectivity and to inhibit syncytium formation supports further investigations of this photochemical as a potential therapeutic treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Photoinactivation and kinetics of membrane fusion mediated by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein

“…Photoinactivation by fluorescent dyes has been known to be effective in eliminating enveloped viruses in blood (23). Recent studies demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be photoinactivated by several photosensitizers including hematoporphyrin and benzporphyrin derivatives (16)(17)(18), aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates (10), 1,8naphthalimide compound (1), and hypericin and rose bengal (13). Lenard et al (13) suggested that hypericin and rose bengal affect the membrane fusion stage of virus entry.…”

A new window towards multidimensional sensing of transition metal cations through dual mode sensing ability of N-benzyl-(3-hydoxy-2-naphthalene): Emission enhancement coupled remarkable spectral shift

“…However, this explanation, in analogy to literature reports [1][2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][30][31][32][33][34][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71], does not seem to suffice for the magnitude of emission intensity enhancement observed in the present study. This eventually guided us to account for the findings on the basis of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, which is a commonly exploited strategy for fluorosensors for metal ions employing an amine as the receptor [9,[31][32][33][34]72,73]. This mechanism commonly states that in the absence of a guest, the interaction (PET) between the receptor (imine group of NBHN32) and the fluorophore (naphthalene chromophore) results in quenching of fluorescence.…”

Photoinduced electron transfer inN,N-bis(pyridylmethyl)naphthalenediimides: study of their potential as pH chemosensors

“…Most studies in aqueous solution involve the binding to nucleic acids and many of these derivatives are used as DNA intercalators (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). They also show biological applications rely mainly on their pharmacological activity as local anesthetics (12,13), tumoricidals (14,15) and antivirals (16)(17)(18).…”