Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 by Breakthrough Infection Sera from Previous and Current Waves in China

Wang, Xun; Jiang, Shuai; Jiang, Shujun; Li, Xiangnan; Ai, Jingwen; Lin, Ke; Lv, Shiyuan; Zhang, Shixuan; Li, Minghui; He, Xinyi; Li, Dingding; Li, Chen; Zhao, Chaoyue; Zhao, Xiaoyu; Qiao, Rui; Cui, Yuchen; Chen, Yanjia; Li, Jiayan; Cai, Guonan; Li, Jixi; Dai, Lifang; Hu, Zixin; Zhang, Wenhong; Zhang, Yanliang; Wang, Pengfei

doi:10.1101/2023.02.07.527406

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Consistent with our previous findings 14 , individuals who received a three-dose vaccination series demonstrated detectable geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies against the WT virus, but the GMTs for B.1.351, B.1.617.2, BA.1 and BA.2 showed significant reductions compared to WT, while the neutralizing titers against the BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, CH.1.1, and XBB.1.5 were reduced to nearly undetectable levels. In individuals who experienced breakthrough infections with the BA.5 or BF.7 variants, high levels of neutralizing titers were observed against variants that preceded BA.5 and BF.7, with GMTs consistently exceeding 1000.…”

Section: Neutralization Of Sars-cov-2 Main Sub-lineages Prior To Xbb1...supporting

confidence: 94%

“…The approved vaccines including those utilizing the whole virus as well as those based on specific viral components, such as the protein subunit vaccines and mRNA vaccines 10 . Our previous research [11][12][13][14] , along with findings from other investigators 15,16 , indicated that both primary and booster vaccinations from approved vaccines exhibited reduced efficacy against the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, particularly over an extended period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 XBB sub-lineages and BA.2.86 by a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine booster

Wang,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve, novel XBB sub-lineages such as XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, EG.5, HK.3 (FLip), and XBB.2.3, as well as the most recent BA.2.86, have been identified and aroused global concern. Understanding the efficacy of current vaccines and the immune system's response to these emerging variants is critical for global public health. In this study, we evaluated the neutralization activities of sera from participants who received COVID-19 inactivated vaccines, or a booster vaccination of the recently approved tetravalent protein vaccine in China (SCTV01E), or had contracted a breakthrough infection with BA.5/BF.7/XBB virus. Comparative analysis of their neutralization profiles against a broad panel of 30 SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage viruses revealed that strains such as BQ.1.1, CH.1.1, and all the XBB sub-lineages exhibited heightened resistance to neutralization than previous variants, however, despite the extra mutations carried by emerging XBB sub-lineages and BA.2.86, they did not demonstrate significantly increased resistance to neutralization compared to XBB.1.5. Encouragingly, the SCTV01E booster vaccination consistently induced robust and considerably higher neutralizing titers against all these variants than breakthrough infection did. Cellular immunity assays also showed that the SCTV01E booster vaccination elicited a higher frequency of virus-specific memory B cells but not IFN-γ secreting T cells. Our findings underline the importance of developing novel multivalent vaccines to more effectively combat future viral variants.

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Section: Neutralization Of Sars-cov-2 Main Sub-lineages Prior To Xbb1...supporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 XBB sub-lineages and BA.2.86 by a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine booster

Wang,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Our data from individuals who had received three doses of an ancestral spike-based vaccine indicated that antibodies against the two variants, BA. presented by other groups using both pseudovirus (PSV) and authentic virus assays against panels of vaccinated (three-and four-dose) with additional break-through infection in a globally diverse population [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. It is also of interest that the GM titres are comparable despite the genetic diversity in the variants tested against our four-dose panels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to neutralisation by panels of triple vaccinated volunteers in other studies as well as in those with breakthrough infections with BA.1 and BA.2[51,52].In the UK, as boosters containing bivalent antigens were deployed in the Autumn of 2022, we continued our assessment of emerging variants with samples from individuals who had received a BA.1/ancestral booster. The majority also had at least one breakthrough infection between February 2021 and December 2022 (Alpha to XBB.1.5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the cross reactivity of neutralising antibody response in vaccinated human and convalescent hamster sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants up to and including JN.1 using an authentic virus neutralisation assay

Coombes,

Bewley,

Le Duff

et al. 2023

Preprint

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New vaccines, therapeutics and immunity elicited by natural infection create evolutionary pressure on SARS-CoV-2 to evolve and adapt to evade vaccine-induced and infection-elicited immunity. Vaccine and therapeutics developers thus find themselves in an "arms race" with the virus. The ongoing assessment of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants remains essential as the global community transitions from an emergency response to a long-term management plan. Here, we describe how an authentic virus neutralisation assay using low passage clinical virus isolates has been employed to monitor resistance of emerging virus variants to neutralising antibodies from humans and experimentally infected hamsters. Sera and plasma from people who received three doses of a vaccine as well as those who received a bivalent booster were assessed against SARS-CoV-2 variants, up to and including BA.2.86. Contemporary or recent virus variants showed substantial resistance to neutralisation by antibodies from those who had received three vaccines but were still effectively neutralised by antibodies from individuals who had received a bivalent booster (ancestral/BA.1). Convalescent sera from hamsters that had been experimentally infected with one of seven virus variants (ancestral, BA.1, BA.4, BA.5.2.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.3) were also tested here. The most contemporary variant, BA.2.86, was effectively neutralised by sera from hamsters infected with XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 but it was not neutralised by sera from those infected with BA.5.2.1. These data support the recommendations given by the WHO that a new vaccine was required and should consist of an XBB sub-lineage antigen.

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“…3 The only agent authorized by the FDA for use as SARS-CoV-2 preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 4 tixagevimab plus cilgavimab (Evusheld), is not effective against the Omicron variant. 5,6 Therefore, the Omicron and its subvariants remains a significant health threat, and it is desirable to develop agents that can provide protection against the variants and reduce related disease burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal spray of an IgM‐like ACE2 fusion protein HH‐120 prevents SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Two investigator‐initiated postexposure prophylaxis trials

Song,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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HH‐120, an IgM‐like angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) fusion protein, has been developed as a nasal spray against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and is currently undergoing human trials. HH‐120 nasal spray was assessed for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in two investigator‐initiated (NS01 and NS02) trials with different risk levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure. NS01 enrolled family caregiver participants who had continuous contacts with laboratory‐confirmed index cases; NS02 enrolled participants who had general contacts (Part 1) or close contacts (Part 2) with index cases. The primary endpoints were safety and laboratory‐confirmed and/or symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In NS01 trial (14 participants), the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rates were 25% in the HH‐120 group and 83.3% in the external control group (relative risk reduction [RRR]: 70.0%). In NS02‐Part 1 (193 participants), the infection rates were 4% (HH‐120) versus 11.3% (placebo), symptomatic infection rates were 0.8% versus 3.5%, hence with a RRR of 64.6% and 77.1%, respectively. In Part 2 (76 participants), the infection rates were 17.1% (HH‐120) versus 30.4% (placebo), symptomatic infection rates were 7.5% versus 27.3%, with a RRR of 43.8% and 72.5%, respectively. No HH‐120‐related serious adverse effects were observed. The HH‐120 nasal spray used as PEP was safe and effective in preventing laboratory‐confirmed and symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

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Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 by Breakthrough Infection Sera from Previous and Current Waves in China

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 XBB sub-lineages and BA.2.86 by a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine booster

Enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 XBB sub-lineages and BA.2.86 by a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine booster

Evaluation of the cross reactivity of neutralising antibody response in vaccinated human and convalescent hamster sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants up to and including JN.1 using an authentic virus neutralisation assay

Nasal spray of an IgM‐like ACE2 fusion protein HH‐120 prevents SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Two investigator‐initiated postexposure prophylaxis trials

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