Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants

Qu, Panke; Faraone, Julia N.; Evans, John P.; Zou, Xue; Zheng, Yi-Min; Carlin, Claire; Bednash, Joseph S.; Lozanski, Gerard; Mallampalli, Rama K.; Saif, Linda J.; Oltz, Eugene M.; Mohler, Peter J.; Gumina, Richard J.; Liu, Shan-Lu

doi:10.1056/nejmc2206725

Cited by 174 publications

(185 citation statements)

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“…In this study, we determined the durability of mRNA booster vaccination in our cohort of HCWs against the most recent Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, along with original BA.1 and prototype D614G. In agreement with our previous reports, we demonstrate a marked reduction in nAb titer against Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5 relative to D614G for post booster vaccination samples (Evans et al, 2022c(Evans et al, , 2022bQu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Durability of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to mRNA Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 Variants

Faraone

Evans

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 variants has led to rising COVID-19 case numbers and concerns over the continued efficacy of mRNA booster vaccination. Here we examine the durability of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against these SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants in a cohort of health care workers 1-40 weeks after mRNA booster dose administration. Neutralizing antibody titers fell by ~1.5-fold 4-6 months and by ~2.5-fold 7-9 months after booster dose, with average nAb titers falling by 11-15% every 30 days, far more stable than two dose induced immunity. Notably, nAb titers from booster recipients against SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5 variants were ~4.7-, 7.6-, and 13.4-fold lower than against the ancestral D614G spike. However, the rate of waning of booster dose immunity was comparable across variants. Importantly, individuals reporting prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited significantly higher nAb titers compared to those without breakthrough infection. Collectively, these results highlight the broad and stable neutralizing antibody response induced by mRNA booster dose administration, implicating a significant role of virus evolution to evade nAb specificity, versus waning humoral immunity, in increasing rates of breakthrough infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Durability of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to mRNA Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 Variants

Faraone

Evans

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The old population is usually accompanied by poor immunity and more underlying diseases, making them a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor prognosis [ 6 , 7 ]. Studies have shown that vaccination against COVID-19 in older adults is effective in reducing severe illness and death, and the safety of the vaccine has also been fully recognized [ 4 , 7 , 8 ]. Data from the US, Germany, and South Korea all confirmed that prioritizing the oldest people with COVID-19 vaccination could save the most lives and, surprisingly, maximize the remaining life expectancy [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Risk Perception and Hesitancy toward the Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine among People Aged 60 Years and Older in China

et al. 2022

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Background: Given the prevalence of the omicron variant and decreased immunity provided by vaccines, it is imperative to enhance resistance to COVID-19 in the old population. We planned to explore the hesitancy rate toward the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and the association between risk perception and the abovementioned rate among people aged 60 and older. Methods: This national cross-sectional study was conducted in mainland China from 25 May to 8 June 2022, targeting people who were 60 years old or above. Four dimensions were extracted from the Health Belief Model (HBM) to assess participants’ perceived risk levels, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and perceived benefit. An independent Chi-square test was used to compare the vaccine hesitancy rates among different groups stratified by characteristics. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations between risk perception and hesitancy rate. Results: Of 3321 participants, 17.2% (95% CI: 15.9–18.5%) were hesitant about booster shots of COVID-19 vaccines. Believing that they were ineligible for vaccination due to certain illnesses (38.3%), concern about vaccine safety (32.0%), believing the booster shots were unnecessary (33.1%), and their limitation on movements (28.0%) were the main reasons for vaccine hesitation. Adjusted by all the selected covariates, people with low perception level of susceptibility (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.00–1.92) and benefit (low: aOR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.01–5.45; moderate: aOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.75–2.85) were less likely to receiving the booster dose, and the same results were found in people with higher perceived barriers (moderate: aOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 2.13–3.35; high: aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.14–3.67). Our estimates were stable in all four models. Conclusions: In total, 17.2% of the people aged 60 years and older in China were hesitant about booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines, and it was closely associated with a lower level of perceived susceptibility and benefit, as well as a higher level of perceived barriers. Concerns about contraindications, vaccine safety, and limited movements were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Targeted public health measure is a priority to improve the understanding of the elderly on their own susceptibility and vulnerability and clear the obstacles to vaccination.

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted July 6, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.05.498883 doi: bioRxiv preprint more recently emerged variants like BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 escape immunity more than BA.1. BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 contain additional spike mutations that make them more resistant than BA.1 or BA.2 to neutralization by sera from individuals with three vaccine doses (Hachmann et al, 2022;Qu et al, 2022;. Furthermore, individuals who have been vaccinated with BNT162b2 or vaccinated and infected with BA.1 or BA.2 have lower neutralizing antibody titers against BA.2.12 and BA.4/BA.5 compared to BA.1 or BA.2 (Hachmann et al, 2022;Quandt et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-vaccination Omicron infections induce broader immunity across antigenic space than prototype mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination or primary infection

Wang

Lusvarghi

Subramanian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SummaryThe rapid emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we measured antigenic diversity among variants and interpreted neutralizing antibody responses following single and multiple exposures in longitudinal infection and vaccine cohorts. Antigenic cartography using primary infection antisera showed that BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and closer to the Beta cluster. Three doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine increased breadth to BA.1 more than to BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. Omicron BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited antibody landscapes characterized by broader immunity across antigenic space than three doses alone, although with less breadth than expected to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with Omicron BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralizing titer magnitude and antigenic breadth. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants of concern when interpreting neutralizing antibody titers aids understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity and informs selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.

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Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants

Cited by 174 publications

References 3 publications

Durability of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to mRNA Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 Variants

Durability of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to mRNA Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 Variants

The Association between Risk Perception and Hesitancy toward the Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine among People Aged 60 Years and Older in China

Post-vaccination Omicron infections induce broader immunity across antigenic space than prototype mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination or primary infection

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