Neutrino Mass Measurements Using Cryogenic Detectors

Abstract

The determination of the absolute mass scale of neutrinos is one of the most important challenges in Particle Physics. The shape of the endpoint region of $$\beta ^-$$ β - -decay and electron capture (EC) spectra depends on the phase space factor, which, in turn, is function of the masses of the neutrino mass eigenstates. High energy resolution and high statistics measurements of $$\beta ^-$$ β - and EC spectra are therefore considered a model-independent way for the determination of the neutrino mass scale. Since almost four decades, low temperature microcalorimeters are used for the measurement of low energy $$\beta ^-$$ β - and EC spectra. The first efforts were focused on the development of large arrays for the measurement of the $$^{187}$$ 187 Re $$\beta ^-$$ β - -spectrum. In the last ten years, the attention moved to EC of $$^{163}$$ 163 Ho. This choice was mainly motivated by the very good performance which could be achieved with low temperature microcalorimeters enclosing $$^{163}$$ 163 Ho with respect to microcalorimeters with absorber containing $$^{187}$$ 187 Re. The development of low temperature microcalorimeters for the measurement of the finite neutrino mass is discussed and, in particular, the reasons for moving from $$^{187}$$ 187 Re to $$^{163}$$ 163 Ho. The possibility to reach sub-eV sensitivity on the effective electron neutrino mass with $$^{163}$$ 163 Ho, thanks to the multiplexing of large microcalorimeter arrays is demonstrated. In conclusion, an overview on other nuclides which have been proposed as good candidates, motivated by the excellent performance of low temperature microcalorimeters is presented.

Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

“…Similar considerations apply to electron-capture processes(23) 4. In this paper we use the term neutrino mass for m ν .…”

β− decay Q -value measurement of Cs136 and its implications for neutrino studies

“…Intensive search for isotopes featuring β − /EC transitions from ground-state-to-excited-states (gs-to-es) with a positive low Q value, preferably ultralow (<1 keV), has recently been carried out [11,12,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. From the technology point of view, suitable detectors are available as described in [25]. It is imperative to search for nuclides that could be used for competitive experiments using gs-to-es decays.…”