Neutron activation analysis of trace elements in skin.

Molokhia, Anat; Portnoy, Benjamin; Dyer, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb15102.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The normal adult human body contains about 1 mg silver, 21 and the smallest amount of silver reported to produce generalized argyria in humans ranges from 4 to 5 g to 20–40 g 4 ,. 23 The amount of silver in the full‐thickness skin of patients with argyria, as assessed by neutron activation analysis, was estimated to be more than 80 24 –100 times 25 that in normal control skin. Another neutron activation study estimated the total body silver content in a patient with generalized argyria to be as high as 8000 times the normal value 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two unusual cases of argyria: the application of an improved tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis of selenium and sulphur in silver-laden granules

Sato

Sueki

Nishijima

1999

British Journal of Dermatology

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Using a simplified tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis, we have characterized the elemental composition of silver-laden granules deposited in the skin of two patients with argyria. The introduction of ethanol as a fixative and nylon mesh as a supporting grid, and the avoidance of electron staining, have facilitated the minimization of unwanted microanalytical emission peaks generated from conventional chemicals and metals, which often disturb precise clarification of elements of pathological interest in argyria. The two main X-ray microanalytical findings in this study were: (i) the consistent presence of sulphur and the inconsistent occurrence of selenium in the silver-laden granules, and (ii) successful mapping of the distribution of trace amounts of selenium present in argyria. The simplified tissue processing method could be useful in future critical X-ray microanalysis studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two unusual cases of argyria: the application of an improved tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis of selenium and sulphur in silver-laden granules

Sato

Sueki

Nishijima

1999

British Journal of Dermatology

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“…One study showed that the epidermal:dermal ratio of Se is much lower than for Zn, Cu or Mn and varies between 0•8 and 1•5 in abdominal skin. As for other nutrients with antioxidant properties, this ratio depends on skin site and is much lower in plantar skin (Molokhia et al 1979). Such a distribution is likely to be influenced by the type of environmental insult faced by skin on different parts of the body.…”

Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin bioavailability of dietary vitamin E, carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, zinc and selenium

et al. 2006

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Dietary bioactive compounds (vitamin E, carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, Se and Zn) have beneficial effects on skin health. The classical route of administration of active compounds is by topical application direct to the skin, and manufacturers have substantial experience of formulating ingredients in this field. However, the use of functional foods and oral supplements for improving skin condition is increasing. For oral consumption, some dietary components could have an indirect effect on the skin via, for example, secondary messengers. However, in the case of the dietary bioactive compounds considered here, we assume that they must pass down the gastrointestinal tract, cross the intestinal barrier, reach the blood circulation, and then be distributed to the different tissues of the body including the skin. The advantages of this route of administration are that the dietary bioactive compounds are metabolized and then presented to the entire tissue, potentially in an active form. Also, the blood continuously replenishes the skin with these bioactive compounds, which can then be distributed to all skin compartments (i.e. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat and also to sebum). Where known, the distribution and mechanisms of transport of dietary bioactive compounds in skin are presented. Even for compounds that have been studied well in other organs, information on skin is relatively sparse. Gaps in knowledge are identified and suggestions made for future research. The skin is the largest organ in man, consisting of different layers of epidermis and dermis. Its primary physiological function is that of a barrier between the body and the external environment, protecting against mechanical damage, radiation, toxic compounds and micro-organisms. Skin plays a role in the regulation of body temperature and is involved in body water homeostasis.Skin is constantly exposed to pro-oxidant environmental stresses from an array of sources, such as air pollutants, solar UV light, chemical oxidants, micro-organisms, cigarette smoke and ozone (Thiele et al. 1997;Cross et al. 1998). Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the aetiology of several skin disorders including skin cancer and photoageing (Perchellet & Perchellet, 1989;Dalle & Pathak, 1992;Emerit, 1992;Guyton & Kensler, 1993). These reactive oxygen species are capable of oxidizing lipids, proteins or DNA leading to the formation of oxidized products such as lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyls or 8-hydroxyguanosine, respectively (Beehler et al. 1992;Hu & Tappel, 1992;Podda et al. 1998). Reactive oxygen species are generated constantly in skin, and are rapidly neutralized by non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant substances, which prevent their harmful effects and maintain a pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, resulting in cell and tissue stabilization. If the antioxidant defence is exhausted, cell damage can occur. Known non-enzymatic scavengers of free radicals in human skin are b-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E, and enzymatic scavengers are Se-depende...

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“…The whole body of an adult contains 1.4-2.3 grams of zinc, with an average zinc level of 2.5 μgm/ml in the whole blood or 2.7 μgm/ml in plasma 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Zinc Sulphate Therapy in Long Standing Burn Cases and its Effect on Burn Wound Healing. A Controlled Clinical Trial

Fathalla¹

2002

Basrah Journal of Surgery

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A clinical trial was set to demonstrate the effect of zinc salt on the local & general condition of burned patients. One Hundred cases were selected with long standing burn with generalized weakness and features of zinc deficiency and delayed burn healing. They were divided into two groups. Group one received zinc salt. Group two received placebo. Those treated with zinc showed good improvement both in local and general condition, although 10 patients showed no improvement but these patients need a lot more than zinc to improve. From this trial, zinc is recommended as an efficient adjuvant in the treatment of all long-standing burn cases

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Neutron activation analysis of trace elements in skin.

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Two unusual cases of argyria: the application of an improved tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis of selenium and sulphur in silver-laden granules

Two unusual cases of argyria: the application of an improved tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis of selenium and sulphur in silver-laden granules

Skin bioavailability of dietary vitamin E, carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, zinc and selenium

Evaluation of Zinc Sulphate Therapy in Long Standing Burn Cases and its Effect on Burn Wound Healing. A Controlled Clinical Trial

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