Neutron and Proton Spectra From Targets Bombarded by 450-MeV Protons

Abstract

The energy spectra of secondary neutrons in the energy region between 100 and 450 MeV emitted by targets bombarded by 450-MeV protons were measured using a proton-recoil spectrometer. Secondary-proton measurements were also made with this spectrometer. The measurements were made on Be, C, Al, Cu, Co, Pb, and Bi targets and at several angles between 0 and 60 . Two general target thicknesses were employed: thin targets in which the primary beam lost little energy and in which further interaction of the secondary particle was small; and thick targets in which the primary beam lost all or a significant fraction of the initial energy and in which the probability of the secondary particles undergoing further interaction was large. The thin-target results are expressed as cross sections and the thick-target results represent a nucleon transport and are expressed as a yield. A number of comparisons of the cross-section results against the Bertini intranuclear-cascade model indicate reasonable agreement for most secondary-proton data and some secondary-neutron data. In the latter case, the position of the observed quasifree scattering peak is at an unexpectedly low energy.

Pion Production in Proton Induced Spallation Reactions in the Energy Range of Few Gev Order

“…[74] 9.2 Proton spectra Inclusive, double differential kinetic energy spectra of protons emitted at different angles in proton induced reactions on various targets, at broad range of incident energy, calculated with the HSD+GEM model, are compared with available experimental data. Model results of low energy reactions: p+Ni at 0.175 GeV beam energy (in this case, time of first stage calculations is equal to 55 fm/c), compared with experimental data measured by PISA collaboration [7] and p+Bi at 0.45 GeV beam energy (with time of first stage calculations equals to 65 fm/c), compared with data published in [75], are presented in Figures 9.11 and 9.12, respectively. Very good agreement between calculations and data is clearly seen.…”

“…Figure 9.12: Double differential proton spectra from p+Bi reaction at 0.45 GeV proton beam energy; lines show results of HSD and GEM model calculations (solid line -first stage, dashed line -second stage), symbols indicate the experimental data[75] …”

Measurements of Thick Target Neutron Yields from 100 to 800 MeV/Nucleon Heavy Ions

“…The data on the energy -angle distribution of secondary neutrons from a thick target which fully stops heavy ions, so called thick target neutron yield (TTY), are indispensable to estimate radiation source terms for accelerator shielding design (I). For projectiles of energy higher than I OOMe V lu, several experimental results on TTY have been published on neutron production from proton incidence (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), however for heavier ions, there is only one set of experimental data on TTY for 160 and 177.5MeV/u helium ions (7). Recently, Heilbronn et al published two reports on TTY for 155MeV/u He, 155MeV/u C and 272, 435MeV/u Np ions (8,9).…”

Proton spectra from 800 MeV protons on selected nuclei. Progress report, January 1, 1979-December 31, 1979

“…constant, or alternativ ely a "missing mass" or excitation energy spectrum could be produced by integrati ng along the trajector y defined in the (6,9) plane by a 2-body relativis tic kinematic s relations hip. Separate runs correspon ding to different momentum (6) regions were joined together and the trajector ies integrate d across the boundary region.…”