Neutron diffraction measurements of intergranular strains in MONEL-400

Holden, T. M.; Clarke, A.P.; Holt, R.A.

doi:10.1007/s11661-997-0014-9

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some sets of crystals demonstrate clear trends in the values of tr D ϭ tr ⑀* [2] lattice strain with rotation about the scattering-vector direction. Again, the transverse strains in the (400) crystals pro-DЈ ϭ ⑀*Ј ϩ D p ϩ ⑀*ЈŴ p Ϫ Ŵ P ⑀*Ј [3] vide an interesting case, showing predominantly compres-W ϭ Ŵ p ϩ ⑀*ЈD p Ϫ D p ⑀*Ј [4] sional strains in those crystals having the lattice cubic axes aligned with the specimen axes and increasingly extensional where D and W are the deformation rate and spin tensors, strains in those crystals rotated farther from this orientation. respectively, expressed in the current configuration B; D p A particularly important result of this study in comparison and Ŵ p are the plastic deformation rate and the plastic spin to several prior studies is the examination of the variability tensors, respectively, written in the relaxed configuration B ; of lattice strains within a polycrystal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data-reduction procedure has been material, as shown schematically in Figure 1. The angle described in prior articles [2,3] and involves fitting a Gaussian (2) at which the neutrons are diffracted depends on the function with background correction to the count distribuwavelength of the incident neutron beam () and the spacing tion. Estimates of the experimental uncertainties have been between lattice planes (d ) through Bragg's law.…”

Section: A Sample Materials and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual strains in HY100 polycrystals: Comparisons of experiments and simulations

Dawson

Boyce

MacEwen³

et al. 2000

Metall Mater Trans A

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Residual stresses commonly arise in metallic components following plastic deformation and can have a significant effect on the mechanical properties. At the scale of the crystals, stresses are directly related to changes in lattice spacing. Neutron diffraction provides an effective method of measuring the spacing of atomic planes in crystal lattices with sufficient precision to determine the elastic (lattice) strains. In this work, tensile specimens were loaded and unloaded in situ to progressively larger amounts of plastic strain. Neutron diffraction measurements were taken at various points in the loading history, and the data were reduced to give the average elastic strains in subsets of the crystals characterized by common crystallographic directions.Using the finite element method, lattice strains were computed at the crystal level by modeling a polycrystal grain by grain. Elastic strains were extracted for sets of crystals corresponding to those sets examined by diffraction at comparable points in the loading history. Detailed comparisons for a steel (HY100) indicate that the model shows good agreement in predicting the lattice strains, both in the loaded and unloaded states. Further, the simulations elucidate aspects of the distributions of lattice strains that arise from the grain-to-grain interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Sample Materials and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual strains in HY100 polycrystals: Comparisons of experiments and simulations

Dawson

Boyce

MacEwen³

et al. 2000

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…In this study, elastic strain was not a primary focus, as the aim was to generate the shape of the plastic area. Material yielding generates substantial intergranular residual stress, therefore reducing the accuracy in elastic strain measurements when compared to the macroscopic applied stress field [56,57].…”

Section: Bragg Edge Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of axial plastic zone for roller bearing overloads using neutron transmission imaging

et al. 2018

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Article HIGHLIGHTS• A loading frame was designed to simulate bearing overloads on the ENGIN-X strain diffractometer at ISIS neutron source, UK.• Neutron transmission imaging was used to map a Bragg edge fitting parameter, associated with material yielding.• It was demonstrated that bearing overloads generate regions of subsurface plasticity in overloaded roller bearings.• Subsurface deformation, observed during roller bearing overload events, appears to reduce the bearings life expectancy. Premature failure of wind turbine gearbox bearings is an ongoing concern for industry, with sudden overload events potentially contributing towards raceway damage, significantly hindering performance. Subsurface stresses generated along a line contact cause material yielding, and a probable crack initiation site. Currently, the ability to study subsurface plastic zone evolution using non-destructive techniques is limited. Neutron Bragg edge imaging is a novel technique, allowing for two-dimensional mapping of the Bragg edge broadening parameter, indicative of bulk plastic deformation. An experiment on the ENGIN-X strain scanning instrument, at the ISIS neutron source, UK, was setup for Bragg edge transmission imaging, to measure the effect of in situ loading on the raceway of a bearing, scaled-down from a traditional wind turbine gearbox bearing. Results demonstrate a strong correlation between load and the Bragg edge width, and allow for future experimental development in studying, not only the effect of overloads on fatigue life, but also the use of neutron imaging for evaluating plastic deformation in engineering components. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT abstract article info

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“…6) Some work [12,13] has also been performed on the existence of intergranular strains in alloy 400 material. This work indicates that certain crystalline orientations will develop differing strains during loading.…”

Section: Recomniendations For Fijture Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation in Hardsurfacing a Nickel-Copper Alloy (Monel400).

Czajkowski¹,

Butters²

2001

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Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) investigated the causes of weldability problems and materials failures encountered with the application of Mone] (Ni-Cu) 400 as a base material and Stellite 6 (Co-Cr) as the hard-stiacing material when using the oxyacetylene welding process. This work was performed under a cooperative research arid development agreement (CRADA) with the Target Rock Division of the Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation.

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Neutron diffraction measurements of intergranular strains in MONEL-400

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Residual strains in HY100 polycrystals: Comparisons of experiments and simulations

Residual strains in HY100 polycrystals: Comparisons of experiments and simulations

Mapping of axial plastic zone for roller bearing overloads using neutron transmission imaging

Investigation in Hardsurfacing a Nickel-Copper Alloy (Monel400).

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