Neutron diffraction studies of natural glasses

Wright, Adrian C.; Desa, J.A.E.; Weeks, R. A.; Sinclair, Roger N.; Bailey, D. K.

doi:10.1016/0022-3093(84)90139-x

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Its rare abundance is the reason of particular desire from both scientists and jewellers. Its beauty and value was already appreciated in the time of pharaohs or even earlier, by prehistoric humans [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of inclusions trapped inside Libyan desert glass by Raman microscopy

Swaenen¹,

Stefaniak

Frost

et al. 2010

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Several specimens of Libyan Desert Glass (LDG), an enigmatic natural glass fromEgypt, were subjected to investigation by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The spectra of inclusions inside the LDG samples were successfully measured through the layers of glass and the mineral species were identified on this basis. The presence of cristobalite as typical for high-temperature melt products was confirmed, together with co-existing quartz. TiO 2 was determined in two polymorphic species, rutile and anatase. MicroRaman spectroscopy proved also the presence of minerals unusual for high-temperature glasses such as anhydrite and aragonite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precious pieces are scattered over an area of 6500 km 2 in the Western Desert of Egypt, south-east from the border with Libya (Fig.1). Herodot called everything to the west of the Nile as Libyan Desert and this is probably how the material got its name [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of inclusions trapped inside Libyan desert glass by Raman microscopy

Swaenen¹,

Stefaniak

Frost

et al. 2010

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Taylor and Brown [207]). Wright et al [209] made distinctions between silica (fulgurite) and silicate glasses (obsidian and tektite) based on neutron diffraction measurements. Okuno et al [210] studied molten and untreated obsidian and also found that the basic structures of samples may be explained by the "stuffed tridymite" model.…”

Section: Structure Of Silicate Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Glasses

Cicconi

2019

Springer Handbook of Glass

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On Earth, natural glasses are typically produced by rapid cooling of melts, and as in the case of minerals and rocks, natural glasses can provide key information on the evolution of the Earth. However, we are aware that natural glasses are products not solely terrestrial and that the formation mechanisms give rise to a variety of natural amorphous materials. On the Earth´s surface, glasses are scarce compared to other terrestrial bodies (i.e. Moon), since the CONTENTS-QUENCHED GLASSES 1.1 -Volcanic glasses Applications: alteration of natural glasses as analogue of nuclear waste glasses 1.2 -Lunar glasses 2 -IMPACT GLASSES 2.1 -Tektites and microtektites 2.2 -K-Pg (KT) spherules 2.3 -Younger Dryas (YD) event 2.4 -Enigmatic impact glasses 2.4.1 -LDG -Libyan Desert Glass 2.4.2 -Darwin glass 2.5 -Fulgurites 3 -OBSIDIAN 3.1 -Hydrated and altered obsidians 4 -OTHERS 4.1 -Glasses from nuclear explosion 4.2 -Friction melts 4.3 -Bioglasses 5 -Insights into the structure and properties of glasses -ConclusionsTo date, four main groups of tektites, associated with separate impacts and strewn fields (SF), are known (e.g., [68][69][70][71]): the North American, the Ivory Coast, the central European and the Australasian (Fig. 10). The source craters have been located for three of the four tektite strewn fields, based on geographic location, geochemical evidences, and composition [72][73][74].The oldest strewn field is the North American (NA) field of ~ 35.5 Ma age associated with the ~ 40 km wide Chesapeake Bay impact structure [75] and includes Bediasites, Georgianites, Barbados and Cuba tektites, respectively found in Texas, Georgia, Barbados and Cuba (Fig. 10). The central European (CE) or moldavite strewn field of 14.4 Ma age is associated with the Ries crater of about 24km in diameter (Nördlinger Ries, Bavaria, D).There is another impact crater, the Steinheim crater, ~ 3.8 km in diameter, located about 42 kilometers west-southwest from the centre of Ries. These two craters are believed to have formed nearly simultaneously by the impact of a binary asteroid [76]. The Ivory Coast (IC) tektite strewn field is associated with the 1.07 Ma old Bosumtwi crater (10.5 km diameter, Ghana, Africa). The youngest SF, of about 0.8 Ma, is the Australasian one, for which no source crater has been identified so far. Tektites of the Australasian strewn field (AA) include australites, thailandites, indochinites, philippinites and javanites and spread from the southeastern region of Asia down to Australia (Fig. 10). Recently, glass spherules (microtektites) were discovered on the Victoria Land Transantarctic Mountains (Antarctica) and there is clear evidence [69,77,78] that these microtektites represent a major southeastward extension of the Australasian strewn field.Even if no source crater has been discovered yet, several authors suggest a location for the AA crater in the Indochina region (see [79][80][81][82]).

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“…are interconnected to form an unbounded 3D lattice via co‐edge or co‐top within the internal framework of BS. [ 26 ] Because of the cationic isocrystalline substitution within these structural units, an excess of negative charges is produced. To maintain electrical neutrality within the internal system, the lateral area of the structural units in BS is compensated by cations (such as Ca 2+ , K + , Na + , etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Fabrication of Basalt Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Aspect Ratios Toward Enhanced Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Aramid Nanofiber‐Based Composite Nanopapers

Ji,

Song,

Lyu

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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The rapid development of modern electrical equipment has led to urgent demands for electrical insulating materials with mechanical reliability and excellent dielectric properties. Herein, basalt nanosheets (BSNs) with high aspect ratios (≈780.1) are first exfoliated from basalt scales (BS) through a reliable chemical/mechanical approach. Meanwhile, inspired by the layered architecture of natural nacre, nacre‐mimetic composite nanopapers are reported containing a 3D aramid nanofibers (ANF) framework as a matrix and BSNs as ideal building blocks through vacuum‐assisted filtration. The as‐prepared ANF‐BSNs composite nanopapers exhibit considerably enhanced mechanical properties with ultralow BSNs content. These superiorities are wonderfully integrated with exceptional dielectric breakdown strength, prominent volume resistivity, and extremely low dielectric constant and loss, which are far superior to conventional nacre‐mimetic composite nanopapers. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of ANF‐BSNs composite nanopapers with a mere 1.0 wt% BSNs reach 269.40 MPa and 77.91 kV mm−1, respectively, representing an 87% and 133% increase compared to those of the control ANF nanopaper. Their properties are superior to those of previously reported nacre‐mimetic composite nanopapers and commercial insulating micropapers, indicating that ANF‐BSNs composite nanopapers are a highly promising electrical insulating material for miniaturized high‐power electrical equipment.

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Neutron diffraction studies of natural glasses

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of inclusions trapped inside Libyan desert glass by Raman microscopy

Investigation of inclusions trapped inside Libyan desert glass by Raman microscopy

Natural Glasses

Novel Fabrication of Basalt Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Aspect Ratios Toward Enhanced Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Aramid Nanofiber‐Based Composite Nanopapers

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