Neutron flux variations near the Earth’s crust. A possible tectonic activity detection

Kuzhevskij, B. M.; Nechaev, O. Yu.; Sigaeva, E. A.; Zakharov, Vladimir A.

doi:10.5194/nhess-3-637-2003

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…3) confirms the conclusion (Kuzhevskij et al, 2002a;Volodichev et al, 2002) about the important contribution made by the Earth's crust to the total flux of thermal and slow neutrons in its vicinity. This conclusion was also obtained by another method (Kuzhevskij et al, 2001b;Volodichev et al, 2002) and it demonstrated the connection between neutron flux varitaions near the Earth's crust and its dynamics. This function confirms that this input of the Earth's crust comes through mainly during different types of splashes, which occur in the Earth's crust (splash periods).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Experimental Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Analysis of this approximation permits us to study properties of the neutron source and the nature of flux variations. Earlier experiments (Kuzhevskij, 2000(Kuzhevskij, , 2001b, which included studies of the neutron flux in different geographic locations (on balloons: Apatity, Kolskij peninsula; Dolgoprudny, Moscow region; Ryl'sk, Kaluga region; groundbased experiments at different altitudes above sea level: Moscow; Golitsino, Moscow region; Seliger Lake, Tver' region; Pamir, Tadgikistan; Tyan-Shan, Kazakhstan) have shown that there seems to be at least two neutron sources near the Earth's crust. The first source is the generation of neutrons in the Earth's atmosphere as a result of interactions between high-energy space particles with nuclei of the different elements of the Earth's atmosphere.…”

Section: Obtained Thatmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In other words, the Earth's crust itself is the second source of neutrons in the crust vicinity. Separation of this source of neutrons permitted us to show (Kuzhevskij et al, 2001b) that the observed short-period variations of the neutron flux are a result of the dynamic processes in the Earth's crust.…”

Section: Obtained Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of neutrons near the Earth’s surface

Kuzhevskij

Nechaev

Sigaeva

2003

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The distribution of the count rate of neutrons (per second) near the Earth's surface for two directions: towards the Earth and away from it, is studied using the experimental data, obtained in Moscow during 1996. The analysis shows that the mathematical approximation of the neutron count rate distribution can be described by a sum of two functions: a Poison distribution and a log-normal distribution. This is in agreement with the two known sources of the total neutron flux near the Earth's surface: generation of neutrons in nuclear interactions of high-energy cosmic ray particles with the Earth's atmosphere and neutron production in the Earth's crust. The log-normal distribution describes the contribution of the Earth's crust to the total neutron flux near the Earth. Therefore, these dynamic processes in the Earth's crust change the parameters of the log-normal distribution.

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Section: Analysis Of the Experimental Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Obtained Thatmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Distribution of neutrons near the Earth’s surface

Kuzhevskij

Nechaev

Sigaeva

2003

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…For example, Kuzhevskij et al . [] moved the detector over a lake and interprets that the signal strength is hardly sensitive to neutrons from the land side at distances greater than 200 m. In the last years, many experiments with the COSMOS detector have been performed across a water‐land boundary by the group of M. Zreda. First data from Oceanside Pier (California, USA) indicate that the sensitive distance is on the order of 100–200 m at sea level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Footprint characteristics revised for field‐scale soil moisture monitoring with cosmic‐ray neutrons

Köhli

Schrön

Zréda

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

250

496

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Cosmic-ray neutron probes are widely used to monitor environmental water content near the surface. The method averages over tens of hectares and is unrivaled in serving representative data for agriculture and hydrological models at the hectometer scale. Recent experiments, however, indicate that the sensor response to environmental heterogeneity is not fully understood. Knowledge of the support volume is a prerequisite for the proper interpretation and validation of hydrogeophysical data. In a previous study, several physical simplifications have been introduced into a neutron transport model in order to derive the characteristics of the cosmic-ray probe's footprint. We utilize a refined source and energy spectrum for cosmic-ray neutrons and simulate their response to a variety of environmental conditions. Results indicate that the method is particularly sensitive to soil moisture in the first tens of meters around the probe, whereas the radial weights are changing dynamically with ambient water. The footprint radius ranges from 130 to 240 m depending on air humidity, soil moisture, and vegetation. The moisture-dependent penetration depth of 15 to 83 cm decreases exponentially with distance to the sensor. However, the footprint circle remains almost isotropic in complex terrain with nearby rivers, roads or hill slopes. Our findings suggest that a dynamically weighted average of point measurements is essential for accurate calibration and validation. The new insights will have important impact on signal interpretation, sensor installation, data interpolation from mobile surveys, and the choice of appropriate resolutions for data assimilation into hydrological models.

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“…Presently, there are solid evidences that dynamic processes linked to terrestrial deformations show up in variations in the fluxes of slow neutrons and charged particles (Volodichev et al 2003;Kuzhevskij et al 2003). Continuous monitoring of the intensity of these particle fluxes can be helpful in solving the problem of earthquake prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of neutron and charged particle fluxes toward earthquake prediction

Maksudov

Zufarov

2017

Earthq Sci

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In this paper, we describe a possible method for predicting the earthquakes, which is based on simultaneous recording of the intensity of fluxes of neutrons and charged particles by detectors, commonly used in nuclear physics. These low-energy particles originate from radioactive nuclear processes in the Earth's crust. The variations in the particle flux intensity can be the precursor of the earthquake. A description is given of an electronic installation that records the fluxes of charged particles in the radial direction, which are a possible response to the accumulated tectonic stresses in the Earth's crust. The obtained results showed an increase in the intensity of the fluxes for 10 or more hours before the occurrence of the earthquake. The previous version of the installation was able to indicate for the possibility of an earthquake (Maksudov et al. in Instrum Exp Tech 58:130-131, 2015), but did not give information about the direction of the epicenter location. In this regard, the installation was modified by adding eight directional detectors. With the upgraded setup, we have received both the predictive signals, and signals determining the directions of the location of the forthcoming earthquake, starting 2-3 days before its origin.

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Neutron flux variations near the Earth’s crust. A possible tectonic activity detection

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Distribution of neutrons near the Earth’s surface

Distribution of neutrons near the Earth’s surface

Footprint characteristics revised for field‐scale soil moisture monitoring with cosmic‐ray neutrons

Measurement of neutron and charged particle fluxes toward earthquake prediction

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