Neutrophil adhesion molecules in HIV disease

Abstract

Neutrophil dysfunction in HIV disease is well described. We examined the expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules amongst 72 HIV‐infected subjects using a whole blood flow cytometric assay with FITC‐ and R‐PE‐labelled isotype‐specific MoAbs. We report lesser expression of CD11a (LFA‐1) and L‐selectin (CD62L) on the circulating neutrophils of HIV+ subjects compared with HIV− controls. Expression of CD11b (Mac‐1) was unchanged. Shedding of L‐selectin and up‐regulation of CD11b in response to in vitro stimulation with N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) were less in HIV+ compared with HIV− subjects, most markedly in subjects with CD4 cell counts < 100 cells/mm3. These results suggest that neutrophil dysfunction in HIV disease, which increases with disease progression, may be attributable to dysregulated adhesion molecule expression.

Neutropenia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Data From the Women's Interagency HIV Study

“…22 Other factors associated with infection include the duration of neutropenia 22 and, in the setting of HIV infection, the level of CD4 cells. 11 Of interest, although neutropenia is relatively common among HIVinfected persons and despite the fact that neutrophil function is impaired in the setting of HIV, 23,24 serious bacterial infections is relatively uncommon in this setting. Moore et al 12 noted that 7.2% of 1638 HIV-infected individuals had neutrophil counts less than 1000/µL; there was no statistically increased risk of any individual bacterial infection among these individuals.…”

Neutrophils: Neglected Players in Viral Diseases

“…Such impairments in neutrophil functions were observed in HIV infection where neutrophils of HIV-infected individuals were defective in ROS production (Elbim et al, 1994;Salmen et al, 2012), expression of adhesion molecules (Elbim et al, 1994;Moore et al, 1998), migration (Tufail et al, 2000), antibacterial activity (Ellis et al, 1988), and enhanced apoptosis (Ellis et al, 1988;Salmen et al, 2004).…”

Etiology and Natural History of Neutropenia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: A Prospective Study

“…An observational strategy may be the optimal management in the absence of sepsis [19] with or without protease inhibitor therapy, which has been shown to increase ANCs in the long term [20]. It is likely that the risks of bacterial sepsis particularly in the later stages of HIV disease are related not only to neutropenia and CD4 ϩ lymphopenia but also to abnormalities of neutrophil function, particularly chemotaxis [21], which have been attributed to disordered expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules [22]. Recent advances in the analysis of neutrophil dynamics through measurement of sCD16 in plasma may yet reveal neutrophil turnover to be a far superior indicator of susceptibility to infection than the absolute number of circulating neutrophils [23].…”