Neutrophil chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and leukocyte-conditioned medium from nonsmokers and smokers

Morrison, Douglas; Strieter, R. M.; Donnelly, Seamas C.; Burdick,; Sl, Kunkel; MacNee, William

doi:10.1183/09031936.98.12051067

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Levels of TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from chronic smokers compared to nonsmokers [26]. The release of other CXC chemokines, such as GRO-a and ENA-78, in addition to IL-8, from the alveolar macrophages of smokers is also enhanced [27]. Acute exposure to cigarette smoke also leads to release of these CXC chemokines.…”

Section: Cytokine Profile In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 90%

Cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Kf¹

2001

Eur Respir J

528

346

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic obstruction of expiratory flow affecting peripheral airways, associated with chronic bronchitis (mucus hypersecretion with goblet cell and submucosal gland hyperplasia) and emphysema (destruction of airway parenchyma), together with fibrosis and tissue damage, and inflammation of the small airways. Cytokines are extracellular signalling proteins. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and IL‐8 have been measured in sputum, with further increases during exacerbations, and the bronchiolar epithelium over-expresses monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 and IL‐8. IL‐8 can account for some chemotactic activity of sputum, and sputum IL‐8 levels correlate with airway bacterial load and blood myeloperoxidase levels. The expression of chemokines such as regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) may underlie the airway eosinophilia observed in some COPD patients. Cytokines may be involved in tissue remodelling. TNF‐α and IL‐1β stimulate macrophages to produced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), and bronchial epithelial cells to produce extracellular matrix glycoproteins such as tenascin. Increased expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) and of epidermal growth factor (EGF) occurs in the epithelium and submucosal cells of patients with chronic bronchitis. TGFβ and EGF activate proliferation of fibroblasts, while activation of the EGF receptor leads to mucin gene expression.The cytokine profile seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is different from that observed in asthma. The role of these cytokines needs to be defined and there is a potential for anticytokine therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

show abstract

Section: Cytokine Profile In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 90%

Cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Kf¹

2001

Eur Respir J

528

346

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cigarette smoke exposure leads to enhanced chemotaxis [25], adhesion molecule expression [26] and cytokine release [27] in experimental models. Since cigarette smoking was more prevalent in the chronic bronchitis group, this could have influenced the relationship between chronic bronchitis and neutrophil functions in the context of pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced PMN response in chronic bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia

Strassburg¹

2004

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic bronchitis is a frequent underlying disease in communityacquired pneumonia (CAP). It is unclear to what extent an impaired or exaggerated innate immune response contributes to disease manifestations and severity.To assess the role of neutrophil activation and recruitment during acute pneumonic episodes, peripheral polymorphonulcear neutrophil (PMN) activation, chemotactic activity, interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) and CXCL-8 receptor (CXCR) expression and apoptosis rate were evaluated in CAP patients with and without chronic bronchitis. In addition, the expression of CXCRs and CXCL-8 was assessed on pulmonary neutrophils in chronic bronchitis patients to compare the activation of the chemokine system in different compartments. CAP severity was assessed by the simplified acute physiology score II and the prognosis of disease was assessed by the pneumonia severity index (PSI).An increased chemotactic activity of PMN from chronic bronchitis patients with CAP was found, which was not related to the expression of CXCRs. In addition, a decreased apoptosis rate of PMN was observed. Chemotactic activity was related to the PSI. Comparison of peripheral and pulmonary PMN revealed enhanced CXCL-8 levels and a decreased CXCR expression in the lung.In conclusion, neutrophil function in patients with chronic bronchitis and communityacquired pneumonia is characterised by an increased chemotactic activity combined with a decreased apoptosis rate. The downregulation of interleukin-8 receptors in the pulmonary compartment deserves further investigation. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 772-778.

show abstract

“…11). GRO-␣ is released in greater amounts from BAL cells from smokers compared with nonsmokers (Morrison et al, 1998). GRO-␣ selectively activates CXCR2 and is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes.…”

Section: Mediators Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%