Neutrophil chemotactic behaviour in patients with early‐onset forms of periodontitis

Abstract

Despite some reports to the contrary, it is generally assumed that early-onset forms of periodontal disease (including both juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis) are associated with a defect in neutrophil (PMN) chemotactic behaviour. Using the Boyden chamber technique and N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) to assess locomotion by the leading front method, we have failed to show any evidence for such depressed PMN locomotion. Indeed, when PMN chemotaxis and chemokinesis are considered in response to a range of chemoattractant doses our results indicate significant enhancement of all but random locomotion. When taken together with other studies, our results suggest that PMNs from patients with early-onset periodontitis may show abnormal locomotory behaviour which can either be enhanced or reduced in nature. The extent to which these results reflect in vitro methodology in uncertain and, furthermore, their in vivo significance is unclear.

Localized aggressive periodontitis is linked to human chromosome 1q25

“…For instance, in US-based studies, approximately 60%-70% of LAP patients exhibit a decreased neutrophil chemotaxis trait (Van Dyke et al 1985Daniel et al 1993). This is far lower in northern Europe and Finland (Saxen 1980;Kinane et al 1989). The finding is best illustrated in African-American study populations.…”

Altered chemotactic behavior of crevicular PMNs in different forms of periodontitis

“…In several diseases, leucotactic abnormalities have been found, i.e., in the Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (Clark & Kimball 1971), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Mowat & Braun 1972) or diabetes mellitus (Mowat & Baum 1971, Kjersem et al 1988, and in Crohn's disease (D'Amelio et al 1985). These authors reported mainly about a reduced chemotactic function in LEOP patients, but others have discussed an enhanced chemotactic response of peripheral blood PMN in these periodontitis forms (Kinane et al 1989, Repo et al 1990). Chemotaxis disorders of peripheral blood PMN have been described in some forms of early onset periodontitis (EOP) including localised early onset periodontitis (LEOP), generalised early onset periodontitis (GEOP), and pre-pubertal periodontitis (Page & Schroeder 1982, Van Dyke et al 1981, Van Dyke et al 1985, 1987, Coles et al 1989, Daniel et al 1993.…”

Altered Neutrophil Function in Localized Juvenile Periodontitis: Intrinsic or Induced?

“…decrease Chemotaxis of healthy neutrophils towards chemoattractants, were recently confirmed.2526 These observations have been expanded to show that treatment of healthy neutrophils with LJP sera decreases the number of FMLP receptors on the neutrophil surface.4142 Furthermore, pretreatment of LJP sera with anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 antibodies partially neutralizes the ability of LJP sera to decrease Chemotaxis and the number of FMLP receptors on healthy neutrophils.4142 The changes induced by LJP sera are specific, sustained and cannot be reversed by placing LJP serum-treated neutrophils in healthy serum. In this regard, healthy neutrophils treated with LJP sera function similarly to LJP neutrophils.…”

“…4-6-22-24 In some cases, a 10% to 20% increased chemotactic response has also been observed. [25][26] Although it is generally agreed that neutrophils from a majority of LJP patients exhibit decreased Chemotaxis, the mechanisms responsible for this altered neutrophil function are under considerable debate. To date, there are two plausible explanations for the observed decreased neutrophil Chemotaxis in LJP: 1) neutrophils are intrinsically defective; or 2) extrinsic factors in the sera of LJP patients alter neutrophil functions.…”