Neutrophil Degranulation

Goldstein, Ira M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4862-8_7

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Although the processes are complex, calcium appears to play a role as a second messenger in the secretion of cytotoxic substances from activated neutrophils (67). These substances include numerous potent proteolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Role Of Neutrophils In Reperfusion Induced Microvascular Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Adenosine as Adjunctive Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Forman

Stone

Jackson

2006

Cardiovascular Drug Reviews

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Although early reperfusion and maintained patency is the mainstay therapy for ST elevation myocardial infarction, experimental studies demonstrate that reperfusion per se induces deleterious effects on viable ischemic cells. Thus "myocardial reperfusion injury" may compromise the full potential of reperfusion therapy and may account for unfavorable outcomes in high-risk patients. Although the mechanisms of reperfusion injury are complex and multifactorial, neutrophil-mediated microvascular injury resulting in a progressive decrease in blood flow ("no-reflow" phenomenon) likely plays an important role. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside found in large quantities in myocardial and endothelial cells. It activates four well-characterized receptors producing various physiological effects that attenuate many of the proposed mechanisms of reperfusion injury. The cardioprotective effects of adenosine are supported by its role as a mediator of pre-and postconditioning. In experimental models, administration of adenosine in the peri-reperfusion period results in a marked reduction in infarct size and improvement in ventricular function. The cardioprotective effects in the canine model have a narrow time window with the drug losing its effect following three hours of ischemia. Several small clinical studies have demonstrated that administration of adenosine with reperfusion therapy reduces infarct 116

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Section: Role Of Neutrophils In Reperfusion Induced Microvascular Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Adenosine as Adjunctive Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Forman

Stone

Jackson

2006

Cardiovascular Drug Reviews

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“…For the studies, one colony was transferred to Mueller-Hinton broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) for 5 h at 37°C. To radiolabel the bacteria and put them into logarithmic growth phase, 0.1 ml was subcultured in 1.0 ml of Mueller-Hinton broth containing 5 Effects of pretreatment with sub-MICs of antibiotics on uptake of E. coli by PMNs. To prove that the enhanced killing of antibiotic-pretreated E. coli was not simply the result of increased PMN uptake of these bacteria, PMN ingestion of antibiotic-pretreated bacteria was compared with that of control bacteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led to the experiments with cyto B. Despite inhibition of ingestion, cyto B-treated neutrophils are still able to attach to opsonized particles or bacteria and undergo extracellular degranulation at the sites of attachment (2,5,28,31).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of interaction among subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and gram-negative bacilli

Mandell

Afnan

1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Our hypothesis was that pretreatment of bacteria with subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics enhances the susceptibility of the organisms to killing by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Our purpose was to study a variety of drugs with different mechanisms of action and to determine whether the mechanism and locus of action altered the sub-MIC effect. The following outcome measures were used: ingestion and killing of bacteria by PMNs, bacterial killing in the absence of phagosome formation, and binding requirements of the bacteria to PMNs. The antibiotics used were representative of a variety of classes, including beta-lactams (piperacillin and imipenem) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin). Bacterial uptake and killing were measured by using standard techniques, and results were analyzed by using the analysis-of-variance technique and Dunnett's t test. Pretreatment of Escherichia coli with all drugs showed significantly enhanced killing of bacteria by PMNs, which was independent of ingestion by the phagocytes. Even in the absence of phagosome formation, statistically significant killing persisted with piperacillin-pretreated bacteria but not with imipenem-or ciprofioxacin-pretreated organisms. The opsonization experiments showed that contact between bacteria and PMNs was necessary for killing to occur. The sub-MIC effect appears to be independent of the locus or mechanism of action of the antibiotic. It results in enhanced killing by PMNs which is independent of ingestion and also may persist even in the absence of phagosome formation. Killing is dependent upon specific contact between bacteria and an intact phagocyte.

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“…Degranula tion of PMN is evident when they are allowed to adhere to surface-bound IgG or stimulated by soluble agents [57]. PMN stimulation causes the differential discharge of small organelles (which contain among others cathepsin and gelatinase) and specific and azurophil granules [8,51]. Azurophilic (secondary) granules have a com plete enzymatic armamentarium including MPO, lyso zyme, and neutral serine proteases and several other effector molecules which possess cytotoxic properties.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron microscopic analysis re veals that LGL have round or indented nuclei, and the cytoplasm is characterized by an extended Golgi appara tus and numerous vesicles with a characteristic 'tubular array' structure [54], PMN have two major types of gran ules which contain a number of products and enzymes. The different granules can be separated by sucrose and Percoll gradient centrifugation procedures and are char acterized by their ultrastructural morphology and cyto chemistry [8,51,103]. Specific (secondary) granules con tain lactoferrin, collagenase, vitamin B12 binding pro tein, alkaline phosphatase, and (i-glucuronidase, while the azurophilic (primary) granules contain neutral pro teases such as elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO).…”

Section: Granulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A View to a Kill: Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Compared with Monocytes and Natural Killer Cells

Kessel¹,

Verhoef²

1990

Pathobiology

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Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are able to exert cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions in order to eliminate tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Appropriate stimulation is needed to activate the potential cytotoxic arsenal of the PMN in contrast to the spontaneous cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells. Stimulation with phorbol esters induces an oxygen-dependent killing mechanism which results in highly efficient lysis of red blood cell targets. Tumor target cells are more resistant to oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms due to effective antioxidant capacities. Antibody-coated tumor target cells are easily recognized and bound by PMN via a cooperative action of Fc receptors and adhesion molecules. This firm contact and receptor occupation result in efficient killing of the tumor cells which does not require production of oxygen radicals. The mechanisms of PMN-mediated cytotoxicity are discussed and compared with data known from natural killer cells and monocytes.

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Neutrophil Degranulation

Cited by 16 publications

References 196 publications

Role of Adenosine as Adjunctive Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Role of Adenosine as Adjunctive Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Mechanisms of interaction among subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and gram-negative bacilli

A View to a Kill: Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Compared with Monocytes and Natural Killer Cells

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