Neutrophil Hypersegmentation in Children With Iron Deficiency Anemia

Sipahi, Tansu; Tavil, Betül; Ünver, Yücel

doi:10.1080/08880010252899398

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Neutrophil hyper segmentation can be hereditary, but cases are very rare and have been related to metabolic defects rather than defects in neutrophil structural proteins (121). Most often, hyper segmentation results from nutrient deficiency [vitamin B12, folic acid, iron (122–125)] or drug treatment, most notably G-CSF therapy (126). Hyper segmentation is long-accepted to be a maturation ‘accident' that occurs when myelocytes undergo aberrant endomitosis, resulting in DNA duplication and impaired DNA synthesis [(126), reviewed by (127)].…”

Section: The Nucleus and Neutrophil Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neutrophil Nucleus: An Important Influence on Neutrophil Migration and Function

2018

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Neutrophil nuclear morphology has historically been used in haematology for neutrophil identification and characterisation, but its exact role in neutrophil function has remained enigmatic. During maturation, segmentation of the neutrophil nucleus into its mature, multi-lobulated shape is accompanied by distinct changes in nuclear envelope composition, resulting in a unique nucleus that is believed to be imbued with extraordinary nuclear flexibility. As a rate-limiting factor for cell migration, nuclear morphology and biomechanics are particularly important in the context of neutrophil migration during immune responses. Being an extremely plastic and fast migrating cell type, it is to be expected that neutrophils have an especially deformable nucleus. However, many questions still surround the dynamic capacities of the neutrophil nucleus, and which nuclear and cytoskeletal elements determine these dynamics. The biomechanics of the neutrophil nucleus should also be considered for their influences on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), given this process sees the release of chromatin “nets” from nucleoplasm to extracellular space. Although past studies have investigated neutrophil nuclear composition and shape, in a new era of more sophisticated biomechanical and genetic techniques, 3D migration studies, and higher resolution microscopy we now have the ability to further investigate and understand neutrophil nuclear plasticity at an unprecedented level. This review addresses what is currently understood about neutrophil nuclear structure and its role in migration and the release of NETs, whilst highlighting open questions surrounding neutrophil nuclear dynamics.

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Section: The Nucleus and Neutrophil Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neutrophil Nucleus: An Important Influence on Neutrophil Migration and Function

2018

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“…While PMN nuclei normally have 3–5 lobes, neutrophil hypersegmentation has been observed where 6 or more segments are present and is one of the earliest signs of megaloblastic anemia 9 . On the contrary, PMN hypersegmentation can also be seen under other situations that are not as well understood 10,11 . Throughout the course of granulopoiesis, additional changes in surface marker expression, cytoskeletal elements, and granule contents also occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 On the contrary, PMN hypersegmentation can also be seen under other situations that are not as well understood. 10,11 Throughout the course of granulopoiesis, additional changes in surface marker expression, cytoskeletal elements, and granule contents also occur.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microbes and the fate of neutrophils

Kobayashi

DeLeo

Quinn

2022

Immunological Reviews

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Summary Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are an important component of innate host defense. These phagocytic leukocytes are recruited to infected tissues and kill invading microbes. There are several general characteristics of neutrophils that make them highly effective as antimicrobial cells. First, there is tremendous daily production and turnover of granulocytes in healthy adults—typically 1011 per day. The vast majority (~95%) of these cells are neutrophils. In addition, neutrophils are mobilized rapidly in response to chemotactic factors and are among the first leukocytes recruited to infected tissues. Most notably, neutrophils contain and/or produce an abundance of antimicrobial molecules. Many of these antimicrobial molecules are toxic to host cells and can destroy host tissues. Thus, neutrophil activation and turnover are highly regulated processes. To that end, aged neutrophils undergo apoptosis constitutively, a process that contains antimicrobial function and proinflammatory capacity. Importantly, apoptosis facilitates nonphlogistic turnover of neutrophils and removal by macrophages. This homeostatic process is altered by interaction with microbes and their products, as well as host proinflammatory molecules. Microbial pathogens can delay neutrophil apoptosis, accelerate apoptosis following phagocytosis, or cause neutrophil cytolysis. Here, we review these processes and provide perspective on recent studies that have potential to impact this paradigm.

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“…This suggests a U-shaped relationship between iron status and neutrophil function, where both iron deficiency and iron excess are detrimental. In humans, iron deficiency is associated with neutropenia 81 , neutrophil hyper-segmentation 82 , 83 , reduced neutrophil oxidative burst 84 , and impaired NETs release 85 , 86 . Iron overload, characteristic of β-thalassemia major, is associated with impaired neutrophil phagocytosis and bactericidal activity 87 , although this effect was not observed in iron overloaded hereditary hemochromatosis patients with low hepcidin levels 88 .…”

Section: Iron Is Required For Anti-bacterial Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections

Abuga¹,

Nairz²,

MacLennan³

et al. 2023

Wellcome Open Res

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Severe anaemia and invasive bacterial infections remain important causes of hospitalization and death among young African children. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance demand better understanding of bacteraemia risk factors to inform prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies have reported an association between severe anaemia and bacteraemia. In this review, we explore evidence that severe anaemia is associated with increased risk of invasive bacterial infections in young children. We describe mechanisms of iron dysregulation in severe anaemia that might contribute to increased risk and pathogenesis of invasive bacteria, recent advances in knowledge of how iron deficiency and severe anaemia impair immune responses to bacterial infections and vaccines, and the gaps in our understanding of mechanisms underlying severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and the risk of invasive bacterial infections.

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Neutrophil Hypersegmentation in Children With Iron Deficiency Anemia

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

The Neutrophil Nucleus: An Important Influence on Neutrophil Migration and Function

The Neutrophil Nucleus: An Important Influence on Neutrophil Migration and Function

Microbes and the fate of neutrophils

Severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections

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