Neutrophils at the crossroads of acute viral infections and severity

Abstract

Neutrophils are versatile immune effector cells essential for mounting a first-line defense against invading pathogens. However, uncontrolled activation can lead to severe life-threatening complications. Neutrophils exist as a heterogeneous population, and their interaction with pathogens and other immune cells may shape the outcome of the host immune response. Diverse classes of viruses, including the recently identified novel SARS-CoV-2, have shown to alter the various aspects of neutrophil biology, offering possibilities for selective intervention. Here, we review heterogeneity within the neutrophil population, highlighting the functional consequences of circulating phenotypes and their critical involvement in exaggerating protective and pathological immune responses against the viruses. We discuss the recent findings of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID-19 pathology and cover other viruses, where neutrophil biology and NETs are crucial for developing disease severity. In the end, we have also pointed out the areas where neutrophil-mediated responses can be finely tuned to outline opportunities for therapeutic manipulation in controlling inflammation against viral infection.

The Role of the Neutrophilic Network in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

“…Extracellular traps may also be formed by monocytes or macrophages [14]. This process seems to function as an alternative defense mechanism that is activated when cell phagocytic capacity is insufficient [15].…”

Combinations of drugs might increase the survival chances of COVID-19 patients: Literature review till date

“…Serine protease inhibitors induce their Inhibitory effect on neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury [178]. Neutrophils have been associated with devastating damage in viral immune responses [1399,1424,1029,1036]. Neutrophils mediate the Lung damage in ARDS and Acute Lung Injury [1013,1014,1028,[1030][1031][1032][1033][1034][1035][1036]1044,1045].…”

“…Neutrophils have been associated with devastating damage in viral immune responses [1399,1424,1029,1036]. Neutrophils mediate the Lung damage in ARDS and Acute Lung Injury [1013,1014,1028,[1030][1031][1032][1033][1034][1035][1036]1044,1045]. Pulmonary endothelial activation caused by extracellular histones contribute to Neutrophils Activation in ARDS [1015][1016][1017][1018][1019][1020]1026].…”

SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body

“…) Neutrophils mediate the Lung damage during ARDS and Acute Lung Injury[1013,1014,1028,[1030][1031][1032][1033][1034][1035][1036]1044,1045]. c) Neutrophils are reported to be elevated in severe.…”

“…10. Accelerated viral burden further promotes Monocyte (Neutrophils, Macrophages) mediated damage[1448,1036,1664,2038,1666,1011,1399,1424,1012,1013,1842,1843,596 ]. 11.…”