Neutrophils in COVID-19

Reusch, Nico; Domenico, Elena De; Bonaguro, Lorenzo; Schulte-Schrepping, Jonas; Baßler, Kevin; Schultze, Joachim L.; Aschenbrenner, Anna C.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.652470

Cited by 264 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Similarly, Patel noted that the test results presented in various studies of COVID-19 children were mostly within the reference range used for that particular study [24]. Interestingly, this is contrary to expected lymphopenia, and an elevated neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio has emerged as a characteristic feature of severe COVID-19 [35], probably because of the predominantly milder form of the disease in children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinico-Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

Sarkar

Ghosh

Mobarak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background To delineate the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of pediatric coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients was the objective of the study. Method: This observational study included 290 pediatric patients with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh, from April 2021 to October 2021. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed based on demographic data, medical history, laboratory tests, and outcome information. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 26. Ethical measures were taken in compliance with the current declaration of Helsinki, and final analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Result Of all, 42 (14.5%) were neonates (< 28 days), 88 (30.3%) were infants (28 days to < 1 year) and 160 (55.2%) were children (1–17 years). The median age of the children was 18 (0.3–204) months, 58.3% were male, 62% had malnutrition, and presented with various clinical presentations. The main symptoms were fever (5.7%) and breathlessness (20%). Approximately 22% of children were asymptomatic, and 57% had at least one comorbidity. Fever and abdominal pain were predominant presenting symptoms in children compared with neonates and infants (p < .01 for both), while cough and breathlessness were more frequent in infants (p < .01 for both). The infants suffered significantly from neutropenia and lymphocytosis than neonates and children (p < .001 for both). The discharge and death rates were 77.8% with 6.9%. Overall case fatality was higher among neonates than others. Conclusion Compared to other pediatric groups, neonatal case fatality was higher, and COVID-19 in neonates, infants, and children has similar epidemiological and clinical manifestations. The findings from this study might help to guide the development of measures to prevent and treat this ongoing global pandemic of these particular age groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinico-Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

Sarkar

Ghosh

Mobarak

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The study demonstrated the existence of 35 species with different susceptibility profiles to antifungal drugs and a predisposition to patients who are immunocompromised or have received prior antifungal therapy [9] . COVID-19 has been found to cause immune dysregulation and hyperinflammation in severe cases potentially contributing to the development of nosocomial infections in severely ill patients [10] , [11] , [12] . Nevertheless, limited data regarding bacterial and fungal infections in COVID-19 patients has been published [6] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Candida duobushaemulonii superinfection: A case report

Awada

Alam

Chalfoun

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Mycology

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Introduction Critically ill COVID-19 patients are at high risk for nosocomial bacterial and fungal infections due to several predisposing factors such as intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Data regarding multidrug resistant (MDR) Candida species in COVID-19 patients is scarce, and nonexistent regarding Candida duobushaemulonii superinfections. Case description A 34-year-old male presented to our institution with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 infection and developed Candida duobushaemulonii fungemia after multiple courses of antibiotics and prolonged mechanical ventilation. He died after recurrent pneumothorax led to respiratory failure and cardiac arrest. Discussion Bacterial and fungal infections are common complications of viral pneumonia in critically ill patients. Data regarding these infections in COVID-19 patients has been poorly studied with only a few cases reporting secondary infection, mostly without identifying specific pathogens. Prolonged hospital stays, invasive interventions (central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation), and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in COVID-19 infections could carry a high risk of bacterial and/or fungal superinfections. Conclusion Strategies to improve outcome in COVID-19 ICU patients should include early recognition of candidemia and appropriate antifungal therapy.

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“…Simultaneously, the immune response to COVID-19 is complex. Neutrophils in the nasopharyngeal epithelium demonstrate markers of premature activation, 11 while the cells of adaptive immunity (T cells, NK cells, and B cells) are reduced in numbers. 12 These abnormalities tend to peak in the second week, which may explain the clustering of cases of CAM in the third week after COVID-19 symptom onset.…”

Section: Immune System Modulation Due To Covid-19 Diabetes and Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel risk factors for Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM): a case control study during the outbreak in India

Arora

Priyadarshi

Katiyar

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The epidemiology of the Coronavirus-disease associated mucormycosis (CAM) syndemic is poorly elucidated. We aimed to identify risk factors that may explain the burden of cases and help develop preventive strategies. Methods: We performed a case-control study comparing cases diagnosed with CAM and those who had recovered from COVID-19 without developing mucormycosis (controls). Information on comorbidities, glycemic control, and practices related to COVID-19 prevention and treatment was recorded. Results: 352 patients (152 cases and 200 controls) diagnosed with COVID-19 during April-May 2021 were included. In the CAM group, symptoms of mucormycosis began a mean 18.9 (SD 9.1) days after onset of COVID-19, and predominantly rhino-sinus and orbital involvement was present. All, but one, CAM cases carried conventional risk factors of diabetes and steroid use. On multivariable regression, increased odds of CAM were associated with the presence of diabetes (adjusted OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.1-11), use of systemic steroids (aOR 7.7,95% CI 2.4-24.7), prolonged use of cloth and surgical masks (vs no mask, aOR 6.9, 95%CI 1.5-33.1), and repeated nasopharyngeal swab testing during the COVID-19 illness (aOR 1.6,95% CI 1.2-2.2). Zinc therapy, probably due to its utility in immune function, was found to be protective (aOR 0.05, 95%CI 0.01-0.19). Notably, the requirement of oxygen supplementation or hospitalization did not affect the risk of CAM. Conclusion: Judicious use of steroids and stringent glycemic control are vital to preventing mucormycosis. Use of clean masks, preference for N95 masks if available, and minimizing swab testing after the diagnosis of COVID-19 may further reduce the incidence of CAM.

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Neutrophils in COVID-19

Cited by 264 publications

References 109 publications

Clinico-Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

Clinico-Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

COVID-19 and Candida duobushaemulonii superinfection: A case report

Novel risk factors for Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM): a case control study during the outbreak in India

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