Neutrophils Modulate Fibrogenesis in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases

Abstract

Chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases are characterized by recurrent and persistent inflammation of the airways, commonly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although their etiologies vary tremendously, airway neutrophilia is a common feature of these diseases. Neutrophils, as vital regulators linking innate and adaptive immune systems, are a double-edged sword in the immune response of the lung involving mechanisms such as phagocytosis, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, exosome secretion, release of cytokines and chemokines, and autophagy. Although neutrophils serve as strong defenders against extracellular pathogens, neutrophils and their components can trigger various cascades leading to inflammation and fibrogenesis. Here, we review current studies to elucidate the versatile roles of neutrophils in chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases and describe the common pathogenesis of these diseases. This may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for chronic lung diseases.

Identification of an Autophagy-Related lncRNA Prognostic Signature and Related Tumor Immunity Research in Lung Adenocarcinoma

“…Li et al (2021c) demonstrated that autophagy of mast cells could serve as a therapeutic target for allergic reactions. Ding et al (2021) revealed that neutrophils were associated with autophagy. Autophagy has been validated to The violin plots validate the results above that regardless of whether it is a PD-1 blocker alone (I), a CTLA-4 blocker alone (J), or a combination of the two (K), the efficacy of patients with low-risk is better than that of high-risk patients.…”

“… Li et al (2021c) demonstrated that autophagy of mast cells could serve as a therapeutic target for allergic reactions. Ding et al (2021) revealed that neutrophils were associated with autophagy. Autophagy has been validated to fuel pDCs ( Basit et al, 2018 ).…”

Identification of an Autophagy-Related lncRNA Prognostic Signature and Related Tumor Immunity Research in Lung Adenocarcinoma

“…Li et al 46 demonstrated that autophagy of mast cells could serve as a therapeutic target for allergic reactions. Ding et al 47 revealed that neutrophils were associated with autophagy. Autophagy has been validated to fuel pDCs 48 .…”

The extracellular sialidase NEU3 induces neutrophil priming

“…In the lungs, neutrophils are a critical component of the innate immune response against pathogens during acute inflammation (Tull et al 2009; Ding et al 2021). Circulating neutrophils are quiescent and unprimed (Mayadas, Cullere, and Lowell 2014).…”

“…As neutrophils enter a site of inflammation, neutrophils begin to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), cytokines, and exosomes, and then undergo autophagy, resulting in fibroblast activation and formation of the extracellular matrix (Perez-Figueroa et al 2021; Kolonics et al 2021; Scapini and Cassatella 2014; Nauseef and Borregaard 2014; Ding et al 2021). Many pulmonary disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are characterized by an influx of neutrophils into the lung tissue (Ding et al 2021; Richter et al 2011; Nathan et al 2020; Barnes 2016; Yang et al 2017), although for IPF the role of neutrophils is unclear (Ishikawa, Liu, and Herzog 2021).…”