New Advances in Improving Bone Health Based on Specific Gut Microbiota

Abstract

The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota is also closely associated with bone metabolism. However, given the high diversity of the gut microbiota, the effects of different taxa and compositions on bone are poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying the effects of the gut microbiota on bone mainly include its modulation of nutrient absorption, intestinal permeability, metabolites (such as short-chain amino acids), immune responses, and hormones or neurotransmitters (such as 5-hydroxytryptamine). Several studies found that external interventions, such as dietary changes, improved bone health and altered the composition of the gut microbiota. This review summarises the beneficial gut bacteria and explores how dietary, natural, and physical factors alter the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota to improve bone health, thereby providing potential new insight into the prevention of osteoporosis.

The probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis through osteoimmunological signaling

“…This F/B ratio was negatively correlated with bone volume. 37 In this study, the administration of Lp. plantarum GMNL-662 was shown to enhance the number of several probiotic species, including Lp.…”

Effects of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets on skeletal health

“…Switching to a very low carbohydrate KD from a higher carbohydrate diet changes the intestinal microbiome [48], which may influence bone outcomes [49]. Potential mechanisms through which the microbiome might impact bone include changes in signaling by microbial metabolites, mucin production and gut integrity, and the absorption of nutrients including calcium [50,51].…”

Identifying microbial signatures for patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis using gut microbiota analyses and feature selection approaches

“…Cinnamic acid suppresses bone loss via induction of osteoblast differentiation with the alteration of gut microbiota ( Hong et al, 2022 ). Studies have also found that external interventions such as dietary changes can alter the gut microbiota composition and improve bone health ( Yan et al, 2022 ). Overall, multiple factors, including hereditary, dietary and physical factors could alter the gut microbiota composition and further regulate bone metabolism ( Yan et al, 2022 ).…”