New Advances in the Exploration of Esterases with PET and Fluorescent Probes

Abstract

Esterases are hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters into the corresponding acids and alcohols. The development of fluorescent probes for detecting esterases is of great importance due to their wide spectrum of biological and industrial applications. These probes can provide a rapid and sensitive method for detecting the presence and activity of esterases in various samples, including biological fluids, food products, and environmental samples. Fluorescent probes can also be used for monitoring the effects of drugs and environmental toxins on esterase activity, as well as to study the functions and mechanisms of these enzymes in several biological systems. Additionally, fluorescent probes can be designed to selectively target specific types of esterases, such as those found in pathogenic bacteria or cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the recent fluorescent probes described for the visualization of cell viability and some applications for in vivo imaging. On the other hand, positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear-based molecular imaging modality of great value for studying the activity of enzymes in vivo. We provide some examples of PET probes for imaging acetylcholinesterases and butyrylcholinesterases in the brain, which are valuable tools for diagnosing dementia and monitoring the effects of anticholinergic drugs on the central nervous system.

Nanotechnology‐driven strategies to enhance the treatment of drug‐resistant bacterial infections

“…( 2) Aminoglycoside antibiotic passivating enzymes: these enzymes include acetylases, adenylases, and phosphorylases, which attach acetyl, adenylyl, and phosphoryl groups to the amino or hydroxyl groups of aminoglycoside antibiotics to inactivate the aminoglycoside antibiotics (Wang, Luo, et al, 2022;Wang, Sun, et al, 2022;Wang, Ye, et al, 2022). (3) Other enzymes: including esterases, nucleoside transferase, and so on (Gil-Rivas et al, 2023). Among them, β-lactamase is the inactivating enzyme that has received widespread attention, because β-lactamase-secreting bacteria (MRSA) can develop a high level of resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics, thus becoming a global healthcare burden (Alexander et al, 2023).…”