Network ideological and political education (This article is abbreviated as IPE) refers to the IPE method that uses Internet technology to conduct open teaching to students or audiences of IPE. New media refers to the use of digital technology to provide users with information and services through channels such as computer networks, wireless communication networks, satellites, as well as terminals including computers, mobile phones, and digital televisions. This paper mainly analyzed the realization path of college students’ network IPE system in the new media environment combined with big data technology. In this regard, this paper proposed the K-means clustering algorithm and the ant colony algorithm as the research methods of this paper. Through the questionnaire survey, it is found that the adaptive characteristics of freshman students are more obvious. There are 187 first-year students who are still in the adaptation stage, accounting for 93.5%. These students will have different degrees of difficulties in adapting to psychology, life, and study. These problems affect and restrict the direction and quality of college students’ daily life and self-development. In the new media environment, this paper conducted an experimental analysis on the online ideological education of college students. The experimental results have shown that the K-means clustering algorithm and the ant colony algorithm are effective in the research of the college students’ network IPE system.