New anatomical insight of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and the transverse part of the nasalis

Hur, Mi‐Sun; Hu, Kyung-Seok; park, Jong-Tae; Youn, Kwan‐Hyun; Kim, Hee‐Jin

doi:10.1007/s00276-010-0679-4

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The medial and lateral slips of the Flap based on nasal SMAS for nasal defects 5 superficial layer of the LLSAN were excised at the lesser curvature to facilitate the flap transfer, while the remaining deep layer of the LLSAN was still involved in the superomedial elevation of the upper lateral lip and the corner of the mouth. 13 Therefore, there was no significant impact on the appearance and functions of the upper lateral lip and the corner of the mouth, which was also confirmed during the postoperative follow-up of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

An “oxhorn”-shaped V–Y advancement flap unilaterally pedicled on a nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system for nasal reconstruction

Xu¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

An “oxhorn”-shaped V–Y advancement flap unilaterally pedicled on a nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system for nasal reconstruction

Xu¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Also some other forces such as the muscle levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN) pulls the nostril and moves alar base upward when smiling. 8,11,12 This mechanism sometimes aggravates the displacement in the tip region. If a patient has an overactive depressor septi and LLSAN muscle activities together, depressor muscle tends to rotate the tip downward and the LLSAN muscle pulls over the alar base upwards while smiling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressor Septi Nasi Modifications in Rhinoplasty: A Review of Anatomy and Surgical Techniques

2014

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The anatomy of the nasal muscles contributes a social harmony in aesthetic rhinoplasty because these muscles coordinate the nose and the upper lip while smiling. Sometimes this coordination can be interrupted by the hyperactivity or variations of these muscles and may result as a deformity because of their dynamic functions and relations with the nose. In our daily practice, we usually perform the rhinoplasty without considering the dynamic functions. When the patients recover the muscle functions after operation and start to use their mimics, such as smiling, the undamaged dynamic forces may start to rotate the tip of the nose inferiorly in a long-term period, correlated with their preoperative function. To avoid this unexpected rotation it is essential to remember preoperative examination of the smile patterns. To manage this functional part of rhinoplasty, we aimed to clarify the smiling patterns or deformities mainly focused on depressor septi nasi muscle in this article. This muscle creates downward movement of the nasal tip and shortens the upper lip during smiling. The overactivity of this muscle can aggravate the smiling deformity in some patients by a sharper nasolabial angle correlated with levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and orbicularis oris muscle activities. The article not only stresses the correction of this deformity, but also aims to guide their treatment alternatives for correlation of postoperative results and applicability in rhinoplasty.

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“…However, the interdependent functions between individual facial muscles and their adjacent muscles were not elucidated. Research into facial expressions using facial modeling, 3D facial motion capture analysis, and finite element analysis need to reference studies of facial muscle morphology (Kim et al, ; Janis et al, ; Hu et al, ; Hur et al, ; Hur et al, ) or to study the muscles anatomically to reveal gender or racial differences. To expand applicable areas directly related to facial expression analysis, morphological studies of facial muscles and studies of related complex functionality should first be performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative anatomical analysis of facial expression using a 3D motion capture system: Application to cosmetic surgery and facial recognition technology

et al. 2015

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The topography of the facial muscles differs between males and females and among individuals of the same gender. To explain the unique expressions that people can make, it is important to define the shapes of the muscle, their associations with the skin, and their relative functions. Three-dimensional (3D) motion-capture analysis, often used to study facial expression, was used in this study to identify characteristic skin movements in males and females when they made six representative basic expressions. The movements of 44 reflective markers (RMs) positioned on anatomical landmarks were measured. Their mean displacement was large in males [ranging from 14.31 mm (fear) to 41.15 mm (anger)], and 3.35-4.76 mm smaller in females [ranging from 9.55 mm (fear) to 37.80 mm (anger)]. The percentages of RMs involved in the ten highest mean maximum displacement values in making at least one expression were 47.6% in males and 61.9% in females. The movements of the RMs were larger in males than females but were more limited. Expanding our understanding of facial expression requires morphological studies of facial muscles and studies of related complex functionality. Conducting these together with quantitative analyses, as in the present study, will yield data valuable for medicine, dentistry, and engineering, for example, for surgical operations on facial regions, software for predicting changes in facial features and expressions after corrective surgery, and the development of face-mimicking robots.

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New anatomical insight of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and the transverse part of the nasalis

Abstract: These findings will be crucial data to understand the structure and function of the LLSAN and the transverse part of the nasalis.

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

An “oxhorn”-shaped V–Y advancement flap unilaterally pedicled on a nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system for nasal reconstruction

An “oxhorn”-shaped V–Y advancement flap unilaterally pedicled on a nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system for nasal reconstruction

Depressor Septi Nasi Modifications in Rhinoplasty: A Review of Anatomy and Surgical Techniques

Quantitative anatomical analysis of facial expression using a 3D motion capture system: Application to cosmetic surgery and facial recognition technology

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