New and Rare Carotenoids Isolated from Marine Bacteria and Their Antioxidant Activities

Abstract

Marine bacteria have not been examined as extensively as land bacteria. We screened carotenoids from orange or red pigments-producing marine bacteria belonging to rare or novel species. The new acyclic carotenoids with a C30 aglycone, diapolycopenedioc acid xylosylesters A–C and methyl 5-glucosyl-5,6-dihydro-apo-4,4′-lycopenoate, were isolated from the novel Gram-negative bacterium Rubritalea squalenifaciens, which belongs to phylum Verrucomicrobia, as well as the low-GC Gram-positive bacterium Planococcus maritimus strain iso-3 belonging to the class Bacilli, phylum Firmicutes, respectively. The rare monocyclic C40 carotenoids, (3R)-saproxanthin and (3R,2′S)-myxol, were isolated from novel species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. In this review, we report the structures and antioxidant activities of these carotenoids, and consider relationships between bacterial phyla and carotenoid structures.

Synthesizing value-added products from methane by a new Methylomonas

“…Recently, new and rare C 30 carotenoids with strong single‐oxygen‐quenching activities have also been isolated from bacteria (Perez‐Fons et al . ; Shindo and Misawa ). The C 30 carotenoids were reported to have the potential to provide a suitable biosource of carotenoids with improved solubility and stability for the food and feed industries.…”

“…Because the lycopene content in the pigment extract was low, the antioxidant activity was primarily attributed to the C 30 carotenoid that was the main component of the pigment extract. Recently, new and rare C 30 carotenoids with strong single-oxygen-quenching activities have also been isolated from bacteria (Perez-Fons et al 2011;Shindo and Misawa 2014). The C 30 carotenoids were reported to have the potential to provide a suitable biosource of carotenoids with improved solubility and stability for the food and feed industries.…”

Crystal structure of 1′-OH-carotenoid 3,4-desaturase from Nonlabens dokdonensis DSW-6

“…The monocyclic carotenoids, such as myxol and saproxanthin, have a high potential for use in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries because they produce neuro-protective effects [26,27] and strong antioxidant activity [28][29][30]. However, highlevel production of these carotenoids has so far been unsuccessful, largely because of the structural complexity of the molecule and the limited understanding of the molecular mechanism of the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis.…”

Microbial communities of the Mediterranean rocky shore: ecology and biotechnological potential of the sea‐land transition

“…The present study focuses on the microorganisms that inhabit the rocky areas of the supralittoral zone (the area just above the tide line that is subjected regularly to splash but is not permanently underwater) of the Mediterranean coast. Surface-associated microbial communities that are sun-exposed are often rich in microorganisms that produce pigments, including carotenoids (Dorado-Morales et al, 2015;Kumar et al, 2015;: Shindo and Misawa, 2014;Tanner et al, 2017). These pigments play a key role in radiation tolerance (Tian and Hua, 2010;Klindworth et al, 2013;Sandmann, 2015;Tanner et al, 2018), and they are valuable for the food, pharmacological and cosmetic industries as colourants, antioxidants and protectors against solar radiation respectively (Sandmann, 2015).…”