New antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia

Abstract

Pneumonia is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and Gram-negative bacilli constitute a significant proportion of its aetiology, especially when it is acquired in a hospital setting. With the alarming global rise in multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacilli, antibiotic therapy for treating patients with pneumonia is challenging and must be guided byin vitrosusceptibility results. In this review, we provide an overview of antibiotics newly approved for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam have potent activity against some of the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, especiallyKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase producers. Several novel antibiotics have potent activity against multidrug-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa, such as ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relabactam and cefiderocol. Cefiderocol may also play an important role in the management of pneumonia caused byAcinetobacter baumannii, along with plazomicin and eravacycline.

Treatment Failure and Clinical Stability in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

“…60 Among the new antibiotics with activity against Gram (À), ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, aztreonam-avibactam, plazomicin, eravacycline, and cefiderocol should be mentioned. 61 In many of the trials of these antibiotics, CS (or clinical cure) or treatment failure has been used as relevant endpoints. Previous studies have shown that treatment failure is accompanied by excessive inflammatory response and correlates to worse clinical outcomes such as mortality.…”

Community-acquired pneumonia: Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognostic severity scales, and new therapeutic options

“…Pese a que el Streptococcus pneumoniae es el principal patógeno responsable de la neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad , en las últimas décadas ha crecido el interés por el papel de las bacterias gramnegativas en este tipo de neumonía, especialmente en pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas y en aquellos con uso previo de antimicrobianos [100].…”

Antibiotic therapy for nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli infections: future perspectives

“…ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relebactam and cefiderocol). Previous reviews from our research group have underscored the limitations of old antibiotics [1 ▪ ,2,14] and explored the current therapeutic options applicable to different clinical conditions [15,16]. In this review, we will discuss the most recent therapeutic options which will be available in the forthcoming future for the treatment of NF-GNB infections, providing a comprehensive overview of their potential role in daily clinical practice…”