New Antifungal Agents and New Formulations Against Dermatophytes

Gupta, Aditya K.; Venkataraman, Maanasa; Quinlan, Emma M

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67421-2_21

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Cutaneous and mucocutaneous infections are a current public health problem with fungal skin infections as one of the most universally widespread forms. Bacterial superinfections might co-occur with fungal superficial infections, thus it is advantageous for antifungal agents to have antibacterial action as well [ 7 ]. New therapies to treat these infections ought to be seen as necessary due to their growing incidence and the development of resistance to conventional antimicrobials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is an ubiquitous and opportunistic filamentous fungi but generally does not cause disease in immunocompetent patients and are rarely involved in superficial infections [ 5 , 6 ]. Other fungal agents may be involved in this type of infection, alone or in combination with those described above, as well as the possibility of association with bacteria [ 7 ]. In bacterial cutaneous infections, the most common causative agent is Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus , frequently found in the human respiratory tract and on skin surfaces and often associated with dermatophytes in superficial infections [ 1 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other fungal agents may be involved in this type of infection, alone or in combination with those described above, as well as the possibility of association with bacteria [ 7 ]. In bacterial cutaneous infections, the most common causative agent is Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus , frequently found in the human respiratory tract and on skin surfaces and often associated with dermatophytes in superficial infections [ 1 , 7 ]. The emergence of antibiotic resistant forms of pathogenic S. aureus (e.g., methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) is a worldwide issue in clinical medicine [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Herbs to the Treatment of Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Infections: Preliminary Research

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: Superficial, including cutaneous and mucocutaneous infections are a current public health problem with universal distribution. One of the main concerns, in the present/future, is fungal/bacterial infections by resistant microorganisms. This study aimed to verify if decoctions of coptidis (Coptis chinensis, Ranunculaceae family), neem (Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae family), and their essential oils (EOs), as well as the EO of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium, Myrtaceae family) have antimicrobial activity against prevalent species of microorganisms responsible for superficial infections. (2) Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), using broth microdilution method, and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was determined from subculture of MIC plates. (3) Results: C. chinensis EO and decoction demonstrated some antifungal action against the yeasts and dermatophytes tested. Greatest bactericidal effect against Propionibacterium acnes and some action against Staphylococcus aureus was observed. For A. indica only EO proved activity against dermatophytes and P. acnes. L. scoparium EO showed the broadest antimicrobial spectrum with activity against bacteria, yeasts, and dermatophytes showing greater activity against P. acnes and S. aureus. (4) Conclusions: C. chinensis (EO/decoction), EOs of L. scoparium and A. indica proved in vitro efficacy against fungal, bacterial, or mixed agents of superficial infections, either by sensitive or resistant strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Herbs to the Treatment of Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Infections: Preliminary Research

et al. 2023

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“…Ex vivo experimental models are fundamental for evaluating new drugs once they attempt to mimic in vivo conditions [ 38 ]. We chose human nail fragments as an ex vivo model based on three points: (1) RIP3 showed toxicity in animal models when administered intraperitoneally [ 35 ]; (2) topical use of antifungals may be safer than oral therapy [ 39 ]; (3) the potential topical use of formulations with RIP3 makes future studies of combined therapy possible [ 40 ]. Our results showed that RIP3 shows potential biofilm inhibition that could be an option for treating topical dermatophytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, designing new antifungals for topical treatment is crucial for targeting biofilms. In a comprehensive review, Gupta et al (2021) provided an excellent update on antifungal agents and new formulations against dermatophytes [ 40 ]. In this study, we saw that topical formulations for treating tinea unguium , such as amorolfine 5% and ciclopirox 8% nail lacquers, have been used for a long time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Riparin III against Dermatophytes

Silva

Rocha

Silva

et al. 2023

JoF

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The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilms is possibly involved in therapeutic failure because biofilms impair drug effectiveness in the infected tissues. Research to find new drugs with antibiofilm activity against dermatophytes is crucial. In this way, riparins, a class of alkaloids that contain an amide group, are promising antifungal compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of riparin III (RIP3) against Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, and Nannizzia gypsea strains. We used ciclopirox (CPX) as a positive control. The effects of RIP3 on fungal growth were evaluated by the microdilution technique. The quantification of the biofilm biomass in vitro was assessed by crystal violet, and the biofilm viability was assessed by quantifying the CFU number. The ex vivo model was performed on human nail fragments, which were evaluated by visualization under light microscopy and by quantifying the CFU number (viability). Finally, we evaluated whether RIP3 inhibits sulfite production in T. rubrum. RIP3 inhibited the growth of T. rubrum and M. canis from 128 mg/L and N. gypsea from 256 mg/L. The results showed that RIP3 is a fungicide. Regarding antibiofilm activity, RIP3 inhibited biofilm formation and viability in vitro and ex vivo. Moreover, RIP3 inhibited the secretion of sulfite significantly and was more potent than CPX. In conclusion, the results indicate that RIP3 is a promising antifungal agent against biofilms of dermatophytes and might inhibit sulfite secretion, one relevant virulence factor.

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