New approach for evaluating the effectiveness of whole-body magnetic field therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with lumbar discectomy

Abstract

When combined with conventional rehabilitation, WBMF therapy was effective in reducing lumbar pain, temperature, and, possibly, inflammation. Results of this study will be used for designing a large-scale clinical trial.

The Direct Effect of Magnetic Tape® on Pain and Lower-Extremity Blood Flow in Subjects with Low-Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…A second theory suggests that magnetic fields promote increased blood flow through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle tissue, and ligament tissues [ 20 ]. A third theory suggests that SMFs affect the kinetics of ion binding in cellular macromolecules directly, which modulates the release of cytokines and other factors [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Effectiveness of postsurgical rehabilitation following lumbar disc herniation surgery: A systematic review

“…Participants received various surgeries including standard discectomy, micro-discectomy, discectomy with fusion, discectomy with foraminectomy/foraminotomy, discectomy with laminectomy, hemilaminectomy, laminectomy with fusion, lumbar intervertebral bone grafting and fusion, lumbar disc herniation nucleotomy, and lumbar transforaminal endoscopic surgery. Ten rehabilitation interventions were assessed: exercise (14 RCTs) ( Aldemir and Gurkan, 2021 ; Abdi et al, 2023 ; Uysal et al, 2023 ; Zuo et al, 2021 ; Beneck et al, 2014 ; Choi et al, 2005 ; Häkkinen et al, 2005 ; He et al, 2021 ; Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Lu and Bai, 2020 ; Manniche et al, 1993 ; Paulsen et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Skall et al, 1994 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ), education/self-management (2 RCTs) ( Bono et al, 2017 ; Erdogan and Bulut, 2020 ), psychological intervention (1 RCT) ( Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ), passive physical modalities (1 RCT) ( Kulikov et al, 2018 ), multimodal care (education + exercise) (2 RCTs) ( Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Oosterhuis et al, 2017 ), pregabalin (1 RCT) ( Zarei et al, 2016 ), acupuncture (1 RCT) ( Zhao et al, 2008 ), systemic enzyme therapy (1 RCT) ( Pekař and Steindler, 2010 ), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (1 RCT) ( Fu and Ji, 2017 ), and Complementary and Alternative Therapy (CAM) (including usual care, supplementing qi, activating blood circulation and tonifying kidney therapy) (1 RCT) ( Zheng et al, 2015 ). The duration of rehabilitation interventions varied: 1) during hospitalization (4 RCTs) ( Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Bono et al, 2017 ; Erdogan and Bulut, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2015 ); 2) 2 weeks (1 RCT) ( Zarei et al, 2016 ); 3) six to 12 weeks (11 RCTs) ( Aldemir and Gurkan, 2021 ; Abdi et al, 2023 ; Zuo et al, 2021 ; Beneck et al, 2014 ; Choi et al, 2005 ; He et al, 2021 ; Manniche et al, 1993 ; Paulsen et al, 2019 , 2020 ; ...…”

“…The duration of rehabilitation interventions varied: 1) during hospitalization (4 RCTs) ( Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Bono et al, 2017 ; Erdogan and Bulut, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2015 ); 2) 2 weeks (1 RCT) ( Zarei et al, 2016 ); 3) six to 12 weeks (11 RCTs) ( Aldemir and Gurkan, 2021 ; Abdi et al, 2023 ; Zuo et al, 2021 ; Beneck et al, 2014 ; Choi et al, 2005 ; He et al, 2021 ; Manniche et al, 1993 ; Paulsen et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Skall et al, 1994 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Oosterhuis et al, 2017 ; Pekař and Steindler, 2010 ); 4) six to 12 months (2 RCTs) ( Häkkinen et al, 2005 ; Lu and Bai, 2020 ); and 5) unspecified duration (4 RCTs) ( Uysal et al, 2023 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Kulikov et al, 2018 ; Zhao et al, 2008 ; Fu and Ji, 2017 ). Main outcomes included LBP intensity (11 RCTs) ( Aldemir and Gurkan, 2021 ; Abdi et al, 2023 ; Uysal et al, 2023 ; Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Lu and Bai, 2020 ; Paulsen et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Bono et al, 2017 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Kulikov et al, 2018 ; Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Zarei et al, 2016 ), leg pain intensity (6 RCTs) ( Aldemir and Gurkan, 2021 ; Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Paulsen et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Bono et al, 2017 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Zarei et al, 2016 ), pain intensity (unspecified location) (3 RCTs) ( Pekař and Steindler, 2010 ; …”

“…Nine RCTs reported in 11 articles (36%) had low/moderate risk of bias ( Zuo et al, 2021 ; Beneck et al, 2014 ; He et al, 2021 ; Lu and Bai, 2020 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Kulikov et al, 2018 ; Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Oosterhuis et al, 2017 ; Zarei et al, 2016 ); with the remaining 16 RCTs reported in 17 articles considered to be at high risk of bias ( Aldemir and Gurkan, 2021 ; Abdi et al, 2023 ; Uysal et al, 2023 ; Choi et al, 2005 ; Häkkinen et al, 2005 ; Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Manniche et al, 1993 ; Paulsen et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Skall et al, 1994 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Bono et al, 2017 ; Erdogan and Bulut, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2008 ; Pekař and Steindler, 2010 ; Fu and Ji, 2017 ; Zheng et al, 2015 ) (Additional file 8a, 8b, Appendices).…”

“…Studies minimized potential sources of bias related to: 1) generation of randomization sequence (60%) ( Aldemir and Gurkan, 2021 ; Abdi et al, 2023 ; Zuo et al, 2021 ; Beneck et al, 2014 ; He et al, 2021 ; Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Lu and Bai, 2020 ; Manniche et al, 1993 ; Erdogan and Bulut, 2020 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Oosterhuis et al, 2017 ; Zarei et al, 2016 ; Fu and Ji, 2017 ; Zheng et al, 2015 ); 2) concealment of treatment allocation (24%) ( Jentoft et al, 2020 ; Bono et al, 2017 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Kulikov et al, 2018 ; Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Oosterhuis et al, 2017 ); 3) blinding of patients (8%) ( Lu and Bai, 2020 ; Zarei et al, 2016 ); 4) blinding of providers (4%) ( Zarei et al, 2016 ); 5) blinding of outcome assessment (24%) ( Beneck et al, 2014 ; Häkkinen et al, 2005 ; Manniche et al, 1993 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Zarei et al, 2016 ); 6) balance of baseline characteristics (48%) ( Zuo et al, 2021 ; Beneck et al, 2014 ; Häkkinen et al, 2005 ; He et al, 2021 ; Lu and Bai, 2020 ; Bono et al, 2017 ; Ostelo et al, 2003a , 2003b ; Kulikov et al, 2018 ; Ebenbichler et al, 2015 ; Erdogmus et al, 2007 ; Zarei et al, 2016 ; Zhao et al, 2008 ; Pekař and Steindler, 2010 ); and 7) validity and reliability of outcome measures (88%) ( Abdi e...…”