New approach to amorphization of alloys with low glass forming ability via selective laser melting

Żrodowski, Łukasz; Wysocki, Bartłomiej; Wróblewski, Rafał; Krawczyńska, Agnieszka; Adamczyk‐Cieślak, Bogusława; Zdunek, Joanna; Błyskun, P.; Ferenc, J.; Leonowicz, M.; Święszkowski, Wojciech

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.075

Cited by 56 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The heating rate for the preliminary melting (pulse duration (exposure time) 500 µs) (Sample A) was estimated as 2.5 × 10 6 K/s, which is below the critical heating rate value. The heating rate of the second melting (P-R remelting with the pulse duration of 20 µs) (Sample B) was approximated as 6.25 × 10 7 K/s, which is higher than the critical heating rate [76].…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both melting processes were carried out by using the same focal diameter of 40 µm. A novel scanning strategy has been introduced for amorphisation of Fe-based alloys with low glass forming ability with SLM as well as for ensuring enhanced magnetic properties [76]. For this purpose, Fe 71 Si 10 C 6 Cr 2 (at.%) was used.…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was achieved at the highest Ed of 37.5 J/mm 3 (high power of 90 W and low scanning speed of 1200 mm/s) as it is shown in Figure 12d). Most recently, Nam et al have utilised a similar scanning technique as in Reference [76], referred to as the double-scan strategy, to achieve full verification and densification of Fe-based BMGs having high magnetic saturation [75]. In the double-scan strategy, before the coating of a subsequent powder layer over the build area, every Fe 73.7 Si 11 B 11 C 2 Cr 2.28 amorphous powder layer was rescanned (remelted) with the linear scan method using the same laser power and laser scan speed as the first laser scanning.…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Ozden

Morley

2021

Magnetochemistry

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Fe-based amorphous materials offer new opportunities for magnetic sensors, actuators, and magnetostrictive transducers due to their high saturation magnetostriction (λs = 20–40 ppm) and low coercive field compared with polycrystalline Fe-based alloys, which have high magnetostriction but large coercive fields and Co-based amorphous alloys with small magnetostriction (λs = −3 to −5 ppm). Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) offers a new fabrication technique for more complex net-shaping designs. This paper reviews the two different ALM techniques that have been used to fabricate Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials, including the structural and magnetic properties. Selective laser melting (SLM)—a powder-bed fusion technique—and laser-engineered net shaping (LENS)—a directed energy deposition method—have both been utilised to fabricate amorphous alloys, owing to their high availability and low cost within the literature. Two different scanning strategies have been introduced by using the SLM technique. The first strategy is a double-scanning strategy, which gives rise to maximum relative density of 96% and corresponding magnetic saturation of 1.22 T. It also improved the glassy phase content by an order of magnitude of 47%, as well as improving magnetic properties (decreasing coercivity to 1591.5 A/m and increasing magnetic permeability to around 100 at 100 Hz). The second is a novel scanning strategy, which involves two-step melting: preliminary laser melting and short pulse amorphisation. This increased the amorphous phase fraction to a value of up to 89.6%, and relative density up to 94.1%, and lowered coercivity to 238 A/m. On the other hand, the LENS technique has not been utilised as much as SLM in the production of amorphous alloys owing to its lower geometric accuracy (0.25 mm) and lower surface quality, despite its benefits such as providing superior mechanical properties, controlled composition and microstructure. As a result, it has been commonly used for large parts with low complexity and for repairing them, limiting the production of amorphous alloys because of the size limitation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these techniques for Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials.

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Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Ozden

Morley

2021

Magnetochemistry

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“…Cooling rate decreases from the centre to the edge along horizontal direction, which causes reduction in free volume content and high hardness at the edges as compared to the middle areas. Żrodowski et al have also suggested dual‐step melting of Fe 71 Si 10 B 11 C 6 Cr 2 BMG, a preliminary melting followed by short pulse amorphization to achieve the maximum glassy phase formation . An increase in the glassy phase up to 89.6% has been observed after the second melting sequence.…”

Section: Bulk Metallic Glasses (Bmgs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between densification and microstructure of functionalmaterials by Selective Laser Melting

Singh

Ummethala

Hameed³

et al. 2020

Mat Design & Process Comms

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Functional materials like bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) are multi‐component alloys, possessing a unique combination of structural and functional properties. However, the complexity involved in manufacturing these materials limits their fabrication to rather simple shapes that are incapable of achieving full functionality. Laser‐based powder bed fusion (LPBF) or Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that enables the fabrication of BMGs and MCGs in the form of complex shapes. However, high heating and cooling rates in SLM preclude complete amorphous phase formation (in BMGs) at higher energy densities that are essential for achieving a high relative density with minimal defects/pores. The optimization of process parameters and precursor powder characteristics have been the subject of intense research. The optimization is a must requirement to achieve the balance between high densification with no crystalline phase formation. The present review elaborates on the challenges concerning the SLM of BMGs and MCMs and addresses the current progress. The lack of sufficient studies on the SLM of MCMs presents several research opportunities. A summary of important outcomes and future prospects are discussed.

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“…However, these materials have glassy interior microstructures, making them brittle, and their critical forming sizes make them difficult to manufacture bulk blanks, limiting their applications [13]. Recently, some researchers have employed traditional additive manufacturing technologies to manufacture bulk metallic glass, which still cannot improve its mechanical properties [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Cu, Al, and other conventional crystalline metals, in contrast, form crystals because of the ordering of their internal atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on the Ultrasonic Bonding Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Glass and Crystalline Metal Composite

Zhao

Fuh

et al. 2019

Materials

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Ultrasonic vibrations were applied to weld Ni-based metallic glass ribbons with Al and Cu ribbons to manufacture high-performance metallic glass and crystalline metal composites with accumulating formation characteristics. The effects of ultrasonic vibration energy on the interfaces of the composite samples were studied. The ultrasonic vibrations enabled solid-state bonding of metallic glass and crystalline metals. No intermetallic compound formed at the interfaces, and the metallic glass did not crystallize. The hardness and modulus of the composites were between the respective values of the metallic glass and the crystalline metals. The ultrasonic bonding additive manufacturing can combine the properties of metallic glass and crystalline metals and broaden the application fields of metallic materials.

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New approach to amorphization of alloys with low glass forming ability via selective laser melting

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Competition between densification and microstructure of functionalmaterials by Selective Laser Melting

Experiments on the Ultrasonic Bonding Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Glass and Crystalline Metal Composite

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