SUMMARY
The paper presents a finite‐element model for the evaluation of the ampacity of an underground 110‐kV three‐phase system of cables in normal operation and in case of emergency. The proposed model takes the effects of convection, radiation, and solar heating at the trench surface into account, which enhances the previous approaches. The calculations performed have shown that these phenomena affect the heating of cables and that the IEC approach that treats the trench surface as an isothermal plane at ambient temperature, widely used in practice, might underestimate the ampacity of cables in certain cases. The model considers in detail the shape and construction of the cable trench, and the thermal properties of backfilling materials and concrete and asphalt covers including the effects of the drying out of soil. The effects of various approximations have been also investigated. The model has been applied to a real life example, and the calculation results have been compared to some experimental data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.