New Approach to Antifungal Activity of Fluconazole Incorporated into the Porous 6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan Structures Modified with Nanohydroxyapatite for Chronic-Wound Treatments—In Vitro Evaluation

Rewak‐Soroczyńska, Justyna; Sobierajska, Paulina; Targońska, Sara; Piecuch, Agata; Grosman, Lukasz; Rachuna, Jarosław; Wa̡sik, Sławomir; Arabski, Michał; Ogórek, Rafał; Wiglusz, Rafał J.

doi:10.3390/ijms22063112

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Determined F-energy in concentration polarization conditions may be applied to optimize parameters of membrane dressings used in biomedicine to improve healing processes, such as bacterial cellulose or Textus Bioactiv, that support the treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds (burns, venous leg ulcers) and constitute a barrier between the wound surface and its surroundings [51][52][53]. Additional applications include the optimization of drug penetration from microemulsions applied on the surface of a flat polymer membrane used in ophthalmology and laryngology [54] and used as drug carriers in the prophylaxis of fungal infections in chronic wounds [6]. Other membrane systems used as drug carriers are polymer hydrogels and nanoparticles that include liposomes, nanomicelles or dendrimers [5] that enable controlled drug delivery.…”

Section: Calculations Of F-energy In the Membrane Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membranes in living systems act as regulators of the transport of substances necessary for living organisms to maintain their metabolic activity, regulate the pressure balance and for structural integrity. The study of 2 of 24 membrane transport has applications to water and wastewater technology, the food industry, biorefineries and energy-based renewable sources [4] and in medicine to drug carriers such as liposomes, nanomicelles or dendrimers [5] or active membrane dressings [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of Energy Conversion Processes in Membrane Systems

et al. 2022

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The internal energy (U-energy) conversion to free energy (F-energy) and energy dissipation (S-energy) is a basic process that enables the continuity of life on Earth. Here, we present a novel method of evaluating F-energy in a membrane system containing ternary solutions of non-electrolytes based on the Kr version of the Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner (K–K–P) formalism for concentration polarization conditions. The use of this formalism allows the determination of F-energy based on the production of S-energy and coefficient of the energy conversion efficiency. The K–K–P formalism requires the calculation of the Peusner coefficients Kijr and Kdetr (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}, r = A, B), which are necessary to calculate S-energy, the degree of coupling and coefficients of energy conversion efficiency. In turn, the equations for S-energy and coefficients of energy conversion efficiency are used in the F-energy calculations. The Kr form of the Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner model equations, containing the Peusner coefficients Kijr and Kdetr, enables the analysis of energy conversion in membrane systems and is a useful tool for studying the transport properties of membranes. We showed that osmotic pressure dependences of indicated Peusner coefficients, energy conversion efficiency coefficient, entropy and energy production are nonlinear. These nonlinearities were caused by pseudophase transitions from non-convective to convective states or vice versa. The method presented in the paper can be used to assess F-energy resources. The results can be adapted to various membrane systems used in chemical engineering, environmental engineering or medical applications. It can be used in designing new technologies as a part of process management.

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Section: Calculations Of F-energy In the Membrane Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Energy Conversion Processes in Membrane Systems

et al. 2022

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“…Equations (1)–(4) are correct for sufficiently dilute and homogeneous solutions [ 23 , 24 ]. As already mentioned, when the solutions are not mechanically mixed, CBLs form on both sides of the membrane [ 4 , 6 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. These layers can be thought of as pseudomembranes connected in series with the material membrane.…”

Section: Materials and Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its consequence is a partial restoration of concentration gradients across the membrane and increased membrane transport [ 3 , 16 , 17 ]. One of the effects of changing the concentration field are gravitational effects in passive osmotic and diffusive transport [ 1 , 18 , 19 ] and the gravielectric effect [ 16 ]. Theoretical modeling of the concentration polarization phenomenon is usually based on the Kedem–Katchalsky and Nernst-Planck equations [ 14 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of the Electrical Membrane Potential for Concentration Polarization Conditions

Batko

Ślęzak-Prochazka

Ślęzak

et al. 2022

Entropy

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Based on Kedem–Katchalsky formalism, the model equation of the membrane potential (∆ψs) generated in a membrane system was derived for the conditions of concentration polarization. In this system, a horizontally oriented electro-neutral biomembrane separates solutions of the same electrolytes at different concentrations. The consequence of concentration polarization is the creation, on both sides of the membrane, of concentration boundary layers. The basic equation of this model includes the unknown ratio of solution concentrations (CiCe) at the membrane/concentration boundary layers. We present the calculation procedure (CiCe) based on novel equations derived in the paper containing the transport parameters of the membrane (Lp, σ, and ω), solutions (ρ, ν), concentration boundary layer thicknesses (δl, δh), concentration Raileigh number (RC), concentration polarization factor (ζs), volume flux (Jv), mechanical pressure difference (∆P), and ratio of known solution concentrations (ChCl). From the resulting equation, ∆ψs was calculated for various combinations of the solution concentration ratio (ChCl), the Rayleigh concentration number (RC), the concentration polarization coefficient (ζs), and the hydrostatic pressure difference (∆P). Calculations were performed for a case where an aqueous NaCl solution with a fixed concentration of 1 mol m−3 (Cl) was on one side of the membrane and on the other side an aqueous NaCl solution with a concentration between 1 and 15 mol m−3 (Ch). It is shown that (∆ψs) depends on the value of one of the factors (i.e., ∆P, ChCl, RC and ζs) at a fixed value of the other three.

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“…Fungal prophylaxis has been proven effective in certain high menace patients such as bone marrow transplant and other immune concession patients.Bioassays afford several practical advantages, such as simplicity, rapidity and economy in disease and patient management. Several studies describe ITZ bioassay using Candida genus [10][11][12][13][14]. This study aimed at to evaluate the performance of micronized ITZ to increase health safety and its bioassay by using Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.…”

Section: Fig 1 Structure Of Itzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Swot on Performance of Micronized Itraconazole against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger for Superior Health Security

Venugopal

Reddy

2021

JPRI

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Background: Antifungal medication is used in adults to indulge infections caused by fungi. This includes infections in any part of the body including the lungs, mouth or throat, toenails, or fingernails. The widespread fungal pathogens causing stern insidious infections surrounded by immuno compromised patients are Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Itraconazole, is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections. Itraconazole undergoes rapid metabolism to form hydroxyitraconazole, which also contributes to the anti-fungal activity exhibited by the parent compound. In the present study the assessment of plain Itraconazole and micronized Itraconazole material for increasing health safety and its biological evaluation by using Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was reported. Methods: The determination of particle size of the micronized material which is a very fine powder and its characteristics was carried out by Dynamic light scattering(DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).Structural identification was done by UV-spectroscopy and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). Results: An active pharma ingredient having antifungal activity was selected and micronized using Microniser to reduce the particle size as small as possible. The product antifungal activity was reviewed between untreated material(large particle size, 200 microns) and reduced particle size(micro particles, 2.72 microns). Size reduction showed an increased efficiency of antifungal activity Conclusion: The antifungal activity of Itraconazole can be enhanced if the coarse large particles are micronized to significantly (>70 folds) smaller particles.

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New Approach to Antifungal Activity of Fluconazole Incorporated into the Porous 6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan Structures Modified with Nanohydroxyapatite for Chronic-Wound Treatments—In Vitro Evaluation

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Management of Energy Conversion Processes in Membrane Systems

Management of Energy Conversion Processes in Membrane Systems

Modelling of the Electrical Membrane Potential for Concentration Polarization Conditions

Assessment Swot on Performance of Micronized Itraconazole against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger for Superior Health Security

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