New approach to breakdown equation in gases based on energy concept from inception stage to arc condition

El-Zein, A.; Talaat, M.; Samir, Ayman

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110614

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Evaluation of the breakdown voltage of SF6 and G 3 gases by using bond energy concept according to [26] the breakdown voltage for SF6 and G 3 or any other gases can be calculated by knowing it's chemical structure and the value of atoms bond energy [27]. The results can be described in Table 5.…”

Section: Comsol Multiphysics Software Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where (𝑆 − 𝐹) bond energy = 3.39 eV [27] and 𝑈 𝑏 is the total breakdown energy. Therefor: According to [26] 𝑈 𝑏 (4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 %) = 0.04 × 52. The calculated results are in according with the results of COMSOL multiphysics for the equality of SF6 and G 3 under case (d) [15mol% Novec 4710 + 85mol% CO2].…”

Section: Comsol Multiphysics Software Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling G3 gas as an alternative gas for SF6 using COMSOL multiphysics

El-Zein

Ibrahim

2022

IJPEDS

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Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is the most often gas used in high voltage systems as insulating medium and arc quenching because it has many advantages such as high dielectric strength, low boiling point, low toxicity, and stability for a long period. The 1997 Kyoto protocol recommended the elimination of SF6 gas, because its impact on the atmosphere has global warming potential (GWP) equal to 23,500 and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) equal to 0.08. Kyoto protocol recommended alternatives gases for SF6 gas such as CF3CHCL2, and others. In this paper a new gas called a HeptaFluoro-iso-Butyronitrile+CO2 ([(CF3)2CFCN+CO2]) which is known commercially as green global gas (G3) The dielectric strength for the proposed gas is approximately equal to SF6 gas and excellent arc quenching and achieve Kyoto protocol recommendations about using alternative gases with 98% less impact on GWP than SF6 gas also G3 gas maintain the same dimension and overall footprint which is an important economical factor for utilities. The total bond energy analysis of SF6 and G3 gases has been studied. COMSOL multiphysics was used to simulate the SF6 and G3 gases to show the ability of the G3 gas when working in geographic information system (GIS) equipment.

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Section: Comsol Multiphysics Software Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comsol Multiphysics Software Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling G3 gas as an alternative gas for SF6 using COMSOL multiphysics

El-Zein

Ibrahim

2022

IJPEDS

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“…Various literatures presented that the conventional Paschen's law is verified for two parallel plate electrodes [30][31][32][33][34]. On the contrary, some experiments proved that this law does not verify for the gas discharge tubes with d/r ˃˃1, where d: the inter-electrodes distance and r: the electrode radius [5,[35][36][37][38][39]. This leads to the modification in Paschen's law in which the gas breakdown voltage as a function of Pd value and the ratio of the gap distance to the electrode radius [Vb = f (Pd, d/r)] for large discharge gaps [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge

et al. 2023

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In this manuscript, d.c. glow discharge of conical, hemispherical, and spherical electrodes made of different materials was measured using nitrogen gas. The electrodes' materials from aluminum, graphite, and stainless steel were used. From the experimental results, the work function of anode and cathode materials with different shapes play an important role in the electrical discharge characteristics and Paschen curves. It was found that the cathode material with a low work function and large surface area became a control factor in the determination of the low breakdown voltage (Vb)minimum values. In addition, the work function of different materials for conical anode or conical cathode with hemispherical and spherical cathode or anode had the minimum values of breakdown voltages. In Paschen curves, the hemispherical anode and cathode with the same and different materials gave a small difference in their values. The conical stainless steel cathode gave the lowest values of Paschen curve in a comparison between different materials of conical cathodes in cases of hemispherical aluminum anode and spherical graphite one. In addition, the conical graphite anode gave the lowest values of Paschen curve in case of the hemispherical aluminum cathodes. The modified Paschen's law indicated that the breakdown voltage was not only as a function in the product of gas pressure and inter-electrode distance but also the ratio of materials' work functions and surface areas of electrodes. It was deduced in a general formalism according to the materials and shapes of cathodes for discharge cases having the same (Vb)min. value.

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New approach to breakdown equation in gases based on energy concept from inception stage to arc condition

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Modelling G3 gas as an alternative gas for SF6 using COMSOL multiphysics

Modelling G3 gas as an alternative gas for SF6 using COMSOL multiphysics

Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge

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