New Approach to the Gummy Smile

Ezquerra, F.; Berrazueta, M.; Ruiz-Capillas, A.; Arregui, Sainz J.; LaTrenta, Gregory S.

doi:10.1097/00006534-199909020-00043

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…excess, and a short upper lip. 4,[8][9][10] Therapies for gingival smile range from botulinum toxin injections to surgical interventions according to its cause. Although the outcomes of surgical procedures are long-lasting, botulinum toxin type A treatment is an easy and fast outpatient procedure that requires no downtime and has high efficacy rates.…”

Section: Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dose and Injection Site on Gingival Smile Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Prospective Study.

Gong

Yuan

et al. 2022

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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he smile is one of the universal facial expressions of humans. Gingival smile is characterized by gingival exposure of greater than 3 mm when smiling. The degree of gingival exposure can vary substantially between patients, with patients presenting gingival exposure of up to more than 10 mm. 1,2 The prevalence of gingival smile is 10.57%, 3 and it is more frequently observed in female patients. 4,5 Although gingival smile is merely an anatomical variation, it can be considered unattractive, causing significant distress and impacting one's quality of life. 6 Moreover, most orthodontists and dentists regard gingival smile as an important risk factor for dental treatment. 7 Gingival smile involves a complex interaction between the facial muscles, bone, and skin; specifically, it is related to hypermobility of the upper lip with muscle involvement and alterations in anatomical features, such as a short clinical dental crown, anterior dentoalveolar extrusion, maxillary

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Section: Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dose and Injection Site on Gingival Smile Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Prospective Study.

Gong

Yuan

et al. 2022

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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“…It should be avoided in patients with severe VME and those with insufficient attached gingival width. The technique can be performed by laser, electrocautery or scalpel (22,27,30,31).…”

Section: Lip Repositioning Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gummy Smile, Panoramic Review, Description, Etiology, Epidemiology, Treatment and Prognosis

María Alexandra Sarmiento Jaramillo,

Andrea Estefanía Miranda Faicán,

Doménica Estefanía Alvarado Guzmán

et al. 2023

EPRA

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Introduction: gummy smile is defined as a non-pathological condition that causes aesthetic disharmony in which more than 3 mm of gingival tissue is present when smiling. The smile is an essential aesthetic component of the face and significantly determines the perception of beauty and personality of each person. Objective: to detail the current information related to the gingival smile, description, etiology, epidemiology, evaluation, treatment and prognosis. Methodology: a total of 42 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 34 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant to this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: gingival smile, gingival hyperplasia, maxillary excess, orthognathic surgery. Results: Gummy smile presents a prevalence between 10.5% and 29% of young adults, being more frequent in women, and this prevalence is reduced with age due to the drooping of the upper and lower lips, which reduces the exposure of the gingiva and upper incisors. The perception of excessive gingival display is subject to cultural and ethnic preferences, showing that the amount of gingiva presented that is found to be unaesthetic or excessive is relative and changes between men and women. Conclusions: the smile is a common human expression that represents multiple feelings, as well as an essential esthetic component of the face and significantly determines the perception of beauty and personality of each person. The gummy smile is a non-pathological condition that causes aesthetic disharmony in which more than 3 mm of gingival tissue is present when smiling. A gummy smile can usually have repercussions in the perception and psychosocial behavior of the affected individual. The etiology of the gummy smile presents several factors, which usually manifest themselves at the same time. Treatment should be targeted according to the origin of the condition. Among the less invasive treatment alternatives are botulinum toxin injection and hyaluronic acid injection. The surgical repertoire includes gingivectomy, modified lip repositioning and orthognathic surgery. KEY WORDS: gummy smile, gingival hyperplasia, maxilla, orthognathic surgery.

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New Approach to the Gummy Smile

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Dose and Injection Site on Gingival Smile Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Prospective Study.

Effects of Dose and Injection Site on Gingival Smile Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Prospective Study.

Gummy Smile, Panoramic Review, Description, Etiology, Epidemiology, Treatment and Prognosis

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