New Approach to the Synthesis of Planar Binuclear Phthalocyanines of Mg, Zn and Rare Earth Elements

(24-Сrown-8)-Linked Dimeric Phthalocyanines and Their Metal Complexes

“…Various molecular fragments were used as linkers in these types of compounds. Thus, substituted aromatic moieties, [10,24,36] ethyleneglycol and thia-ethyleneglycol, [37] ferrocene, [38] metal cation, [39] acetylene, [40] calixarenes, [41,42] alkyl chain, [12] annulated arenes [9,[43][44][45] were applied as spacers.…”

Synthetic approaches to asymmetric phthalocyanines and their analogues

“…139 In these cases, tetracyano-benzene, -naphthalene or -anthracene precursors undergo crosscondensation with substituted phthalonitriles to form fused bis-, tris-, and higher rank asymmetric phthalocyanine derivatives. Simon, [140][141][142] Kobayashi,[142][143][144][145][146] Tomilova, [147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] and their respective co-workers reported several such systems, while Wöhrle and co-workers prepared an interesting set of linear dimer 20 and linear and angular fully conjugated phthalocyanine trimers 21 and 22. 139 The synthetic strategy for the synthesis of monophthalocyanines using bis(phthalonitrile) precursors was first developed by Leznoff and co-workers for a single-isomer preparation of a tetrasubstituted symmetric phthalocyanine (Scheme 9A).…”

New Nitrogen-Containing Five-Membered Heterocyclic ortho-Dicarbonitriles for Preparation of Macroheterocycles

“…These compounds are the most commonly used precursors for the preparation of various macroheterocyclic systems including tetrahetarenoporphyrazines, [1] porphyrinoids, [2] triazaporphyrins, [3] crown phthalocyanines, [4,5] azaphthalocyanines, [6] carborane substituted phthalocyanines, [7] phthalocyanine-fullerene conjugates, [8] binuclear phthalocyanines, [9] and a number of other metalfree phthalocyanines and their metal complexes. [10][11][12][13] Although they have unique chemical and thermal stabilities, phthalocyanines are practically insoluble in water and most organic solvents.…”