New Approaches in Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine Practices: Auricularia auricula and Trametes versicolor

Abstract

Several mushroom species are consumed by collecting from the nature or in cultured form for their nutritional and medical characteristics. The objective of the present study is to determine antioxidant activities, DNA-protective activities, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress indices (OSI) and Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na and Ca content in Auricularia auricula (L.) Underw. and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd mushroom species. Mushroom ethanol extracts were obtained and antioxidant activities with DPPH method, TAS, TOS and OSI values with Rel Assay Diagnostics kits, and DNA protective activities using pBR322 supercoil DNA were identified. Furthermore, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na and Ca contents were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was determined that antioxidant potential of mushroom ethanol extracts were low compared to the standard and they did not have DNAprotective activities. It was also observed that the mushrooms have variable element content, and have similar TAS, TOS and OSI levels. High OSI values found in both mushroom species showed that these mushroom are unhealthy. Thus, it was recommended to demonstrate caution in consumption of mushrooms collected in these regions. However, it was also considered that the mushroom samples collected from regions with adequate OSI values could be used as antioxidant. IntroductıonThe usage of various foods and natural products for therapeutic purposes has a long history [1]. Since early times, mushrooms have been an important nutrient for humans and have had significant medical values [2,3]. The number of mushroom species is estimated to be around 140,000 and only 10% of these (about 14,000) have been designated [4]. Today, along with the increase in molecular studies, their use in biological warfare as well as in the production of antibiotic and other pharmacological products has increased [5]. In addition to immune system booster, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-mutagenic effects, it is also known that mushrooms are effective in prevention and treatment of diseases such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia [6][7][8]. Macro-fungi are a significant nutritional supplement for humans. However, several fungus species accumulate both important nutritional elements and heavy metals in their fruit bodies [9]. Although living organisms need certain elements such as iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, chrome and zinc in trace amounts, excessive amounts of these elements create toxic effects on these living organisms [10]. Thus, regardless of the purpose of it's use, it is of utmost importance to determine metal concentrations in the mushrooms before consumption.Oxidative stress occurs as a result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense produced in living organisms [11]. ROS are highly reactive O 2 metabolites that include superoxideradical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. The ROS causes considerable injury to DNA, protein and lipid and it is claimed that this in...

A study on antioxidant properties of Gyrodon lividus

“…It is also known that mushrooms have strong antioxidant capacity in addition to their nutritional properties. Furthermore, mushrooms were reported to possess anticarcinogen, antimicrobial, DNA protective, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects in addition to their antioxidant properties (Park et al 2014, Akgül et al, 2016Lima et al 2016, Taofiq et al 2016, Yılmaz et al 2016, Sevindik et al 2017).…”

Antioxidant, Oxidant and Antimicrobial Capacities of Physarum album (Bull.) Chevall

“…24 It was reported that the TAS, TOS and OSI values for Auricularia auricula and Trametes versicolor mushrooms were 1.010 and 0.820, 23.910 and 17.760, and 2.367 and 2.166, respectively. 25 TAS value of Lepiota cristata was 2.210, TOS value was 24.357 and OSI value was 1.103. 26 In the present study, it was determined that the TAS value of P. album, a myxomycete species, was lower when compared to C. cylindracea and L. cristata mushrooms as determined in the above-mentioned studies.…”

Heavy metals content and the role of Lepiota cristata as antioxidant in oxidative stress

“…16 In previous studies, it was determined that the TAS values of Auricularia auricula and Trametes versicolor were 1.010 and 0.820, TOS values were 23.910 and 17.760, and OSI values were 2.367 and 2.166, respectively. 17 In other studies, the TAS value of Pleurotus eryngii was reported as 1.93 and the TAS value of Auricularia polytricha was reported as 0.93. 18,19 It was found in the present study that the antioxidant potential of L. cristata was higher when compared to previous studies conducted on A. auricula, T. versicolor, P. eryngii and A. polytricha.…”