New Approaches to Chemical Sensing‐Sensors Based on Polymer Swelling

Lavine, Barry K.; Kaval, Necati; Westover, David J.; Oxenford, Leah

doi:10.1080/00032710600721308

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Many groups have studied this effect since the original work by Holtz and Asher. [176,177,185] Figure 6. Resistance decrease under compression of a strain-sensing epoxy gel-carbon composite.…”

Section: Photoresponsive Gelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

2009

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Hydrogels have applications in surgery and drug delivery, but are never considered alongside polymers and composites as materials for mechanical design. This is because synthetic hydrogels are in general very weak. In contrast, many biological gel composites, such as cartilage, are quite strong, and function as tough, shock‐absorbing structural solids. The recent development of strong hydrogels suggests that it may be possible to design new families of strong gels that would allow the design of soft biomimetic machines, which have not previously been possible.

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Section: Photoresponsive Gelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

2009

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“…Although there is extensive literature on polymer swelling, only in recent years extensive work has been performed to exploit this phenomenon for chemical sensing. The lifetime of most sensors based on polymer swelling is limited by delamination of the polymeric film [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of vapor sorption in polymeric film studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy

Erdoğan

Çapan

Tarımcı

et al. 2008

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…If the array is in a gel matrix, any volume change by the matrix will change the particle spacing and the diffraction angle, and so can be used as the basis of an optical sensor. This effect has been studied by many groups since the original work by Holtz and Asher [193,192,189]. …”

Section: Gel Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gel-coated silicon microcantilevers can be used to detect swelling in response to changes in pH or other species [69,189,190]. Changes in swelling can also be sensed by attaching the gel to a pressure sensor.…”

Section: Gel Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Gel Actuators: Fundamentals

Calvert

2009

Biomedical Applications of Electroactive Polymer Actuators

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One view of materials development is to search for what materials correspond to empty spaces on a hypothetical multi-dimensional map of the properties of available materials. Following a biomimetic philosophy, for instance, it can be seen that tough ceramics and moldable short fiber composites with high moduli are possible but absent from the list of available synthetic materials. Likewise artificial muscle is missing, where the properties are defined as a developed stress of over 300 kPa, a linear contraction of 25 % and a response time of below one second. Currently dielectric elastomers come closest but have disadvantages [1,2].The actin-myosin muscle system provides the performance target for electroactive polymer actuators [3,4]. The process is driven chemically by the energy change from hydrolysis of the polyphosphate bond as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) binds to myosin and is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate. A simple chemical analogy suggests that muscle-like gels should be feasible but it is now clear that the task is much harder than it seems.Early work on gel actuation by Katchalsky-Katzir demonstrated that engines could be built using the chemical energy in diluting a lithium bromide solution to drive contraction and expansion of a collagen belt [5]. In essence, the collagen expands to take up the salt solution or contract to exclude the water. This change is both a molecular conformation change and a volume change. Other chemically driven gels, for instance polyacrylic acid fibers [6] which respond to a pH change, also rely on a solubility change giving rise to a volume change.

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New Approaches to Chemical Sensing‐Sensors Based on Polymer Swelling

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

Modeling of vapor sorption in polymeric film studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy

Polymer Gel Actuators: Fundamentals

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