New Aspects Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Allicin Immunostimulatory Mechanism via Colec12, MARCO, and SCARB1 Receptors

Abstract

The allicin pleiotropic effects, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumoral, and antibacterial actions, were well demonstrated and correlated with various molecular pathways. The immunostimulatory mechanism of allicin has not been elucidated; however, there is a possible cytokine stimulation from immunoglobulin release caused by allicin. In this study, when Wistar female rats and CD19+ lymphocytes were treated with three different doses of allicin, immunoglobulins, glutathione, and oxidative stress markers were assayed. Molecular docking was performed between S-allylmercaptoglutathione (GSSA)—a circulating form of allicin in in vivo systems formed by the allicin interaction with glutathione (GSH)—and scavenger receptors class A and B from macrophages, as well as CD19+ B lymphocytes. Our data demonstrated a humoral immunostimulatory effect of allicin in rats and direct stimulation of B lymphocytes by S-allyl-mercapto-glutathione, both correlated with decreased catalase (CAT) activity. The molecular docking revealed that S-allyl-mercapto-glutathione interacting with Colec12, MARCO (class A), and SCARB1 (class B) scavenger receptors in in vitro tests demonstrates a direct stimulation of immunoglobulin secretion by GSSA in CD19+ B lymphocytes. These data collectively indicate that GSSA stimulates immunoglobulin secretion by binding on scavenger receptors class B type 1 (SCARB1) from CD19+ B lymphocytes.

The Synergistic Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Combined with Allicin against Lung and Colorectal Carcinoma Cells

“…The main active compound isolated from Allium sativum has many biological effects, which have been demonstrated during the last decades. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antifungal activities have been the study subjects for many research groups [16,36]. A constant intake of allicin via garlic consumption could reduce chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage [37][38][39].…”

Glutaraldehyde-Polymerized Hemoglobin: In Search of Improved Performance as Oxygen Carrier in Hemorrhage Models

“…The acid-base status (pH, pO 2 , pCO 2 , cHCO 3 , BE(ecf), and BE(b)), ions such as Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ , glycaemia (Glu), total protein (TP) content, transferrin (Transf), lactate (Lac), oxidative stress (catalase, concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), renal function (creatinine, urea, uric acid, iron, and phosphate) were done according to our previous work. Immunological parameters (IgA, IgG and IgM, C3, and CRP) were assessed with an immunoturbidimetric method using anti-IgA, anti-IgG, and anti-IgM specific antiserum [ 32 ]. Complete blood counts were also performed as previously described for hemoglobin-based HBOC [ 25 ].…”

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Effects of Allium fistulosum L. and Allium sativum L. Extracts on Human Normal and Tumor Cell Lines: A Comparative Study

“…Isolated bioactive compounds present in garlic, and obtained extracts, were investigated for their anticancer potential. Allicin is the result of hydrolyzed alliin under alliinase enzyme action, with ajoene as a secondary compound resulted after alliin decomposition [ 15 , 19 ]. Allicin has an immunostimulatory effect [ 19 ] and antitumoral properties by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and enhancing apoptosis [ 12 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Allicin is the result of hydrolyzed alliin under alliinase enzyme action, with ajoene as a secondary compound resulted after alliin decomposition [ 15 , 19 ]. Allicin has an immunostimulatory effect [ 19 ] and antitumoral properties by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and enhancing apoptosis [ 12 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The antitumor effect of allicin was investigated on different tumor cell lines like cervical cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, glioblastoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and endometrial adenocarcinoma [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”