New Atlas of the British &amp; Irish Flora: An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands

Schmid, Rudolf; Preston, C.; Pearman, D. A.; Dines, T. D.; Arnold, Henry R.; Croft, J.M.

doi:10.2307/3647378

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The vast majority of these records overlaps with grids where the hybrid H. x massartiana has also been recorded (47.5% of 10 km × 10 km squares [1983 out of 4174], Ruhsam et al, 2020). Preston et al (2002) stated that H. hispanica has long been confused with H. x massartiana and probably has been over‐recorded in error of the hybrid, a statement that is supported by our results and own field observations. Individuals of the diverse non‐native group very rarely matched descriptions or photographs of H. hispanica in its native range, and the variety of combinations of key characters such as anther colour, scape habit, leaf size and flower shape defied simple dichotomy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Is hybridisation with non‐native congeneric species a threat to the UK native bluebell Hyacinthoides non‐scripta?

Ruhsam

Kohn

Marquardt

et al. 2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementHybridisation is an important evolutionary force in plants, but it can potentially lead to genetic swamping and extinction of one or both parental species. The threat of extinction is of particular concern if hybridisation occurs between native and introduced species, especially when the native is of national importance. The widespread occurrence of non‐native bluebells in the United Kingdom has raised concerns that the iconic native bluebell could be at risk due to extinction by hybridisation from introduced non‐native bluebells. This study determines the taxonomic identity of non‐natives and investigates the amount of hybridisation occurring in natural and semi‐natural UK bluebell populations.Summary The widespread occurrence of a non‐native bluebell taxon in the UK has raised concerns that the iconic native bluebell H. non‐scripta (Asparagaceae) could be at risk due to extinction by hybridisation from introduced non‐native congeners. Understanding the nature of this threat requires quantification of the extent of hybridisation between the native and non‐native taxa. An additional complication is taxonomic uncertainty regarding the identity of the non‐native bluebells in the United Kingdom that are colloquially referred to as the ‘Spanish’ bluebell (H. hispanica). We collected 501 bluebell samples from 56 populations in the United Kingdom (H. non‐scripta and non‐natives) and the Iberian Peninsula (H. hispanica). The samples were assayed for variation at 1871 nuclear and 17 plastid single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our genetic analyses demonstrated that non‐native bluebells in the United Kingdom are not H. hispanica but the hybrid between H. hispanica and H. non‐scripta. Moreover, they supported the hypothesis that Portugal is the country of origin of the first H. hispanica introductions to the United Kingdom. The frequency of hybrids was about 16%. Backcrosses between the (hybrid) non‐native bluebell and the native H. non‐scripta were primarily found in public parks. Of the sampled individuals for H. non‐scripta from natural habitats, only 2% showed evidence of introgression. Although hybridisation might be frequent in locations where non‐native bluebells have been introduced, we found no evidence of large‐scale introgression in natural H. non‐scripta populations. Therefore, our results do not support concerns of an ‘extinction by hybridisation’ scenario.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Is hybridisation with non‐native congeneric species a threat to the UK native bluebell Hyacinthoides non‐scripta?

Ruhsam

Kohn

Marquardt

et al. 2023

Plants People Planet

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“…We included archaeophytes (species that may not be native to an area but were introduced/naturalised before 1500 AD [Cheffings & Farrell, 2005]), but excluded neophytes (species that were introduced/naturalised after 1500 AD). Neophytes were identified by comparing data published in the New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora (Preston et al, 2002), with the Atlas of the British Flora (Perring & Walters, 1962). To the list of 1755 taxa, we added 19 plant name synonyms used in Australia, resulting in a list of 1774 taxa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

British species that are present in Australia have different traits from British species that are not present in Australia

Earle,

Atkinson,

Moles

2023

Diversity and Distributions

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AimIntroduced species spreading to natural ecosystems is a leading cause of environmental change and a key feature of the Anthropocene. While there have been many studies of the traits of introduced and invasive species, less is known about the traits that affect a species' chances of reaching and establishing in new areas. We asked whether British species that are present in Australia have different traits to British species that are not present in Australia.LocationGreat Britain and Australia.MethodsWe compiled a list of all vascular plant species from Great Britain and divided them into those that are present in Australia (395 species) and those that are not present in Australia (1171 species). We compiled data for each species' seed mass, seedbank longevity, maximum plant height, flower size, flower colour and geographical extent in the British Isles. We conducted independent sample t‐tests for continuous variables and Chi‐squared tests for categorical variables to determine differences between groups.ResultsWe found British species present in Australia have, on average, larger geographic extents in the British Isles, longer periods of seed bank longevity (mean ~3 months as opposed to ~3 weeks), and maximum heights that are on average 36% taller than British species that are not present in Australia. However, British species present in Australia did not have significantly different flower size, flower colour or seed mass from British species that are not present in Australia.Main ConclusionsBritish species that are present in Australia and British species that are not present in Australia differ in several traits. These differences likely result from a combination of factors including introduction biases, environmental filters during establishment and stochasticity. Our results suggest that humans may be consciously and unconsciously selecting species for introduction. Some of the traits that are associated with an increased chance of a species being transported to/establishing in a new range also contribute to invasiveness. Thus, anthropogenic introduction biases could contribute to an increased risk of ecosystem invasion.

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“…Sequences were compared to a custom, curated reference library, containing 5887 plant species, for identification (Jones, 2020; Jones, Brennan, et al, 2021). The reference library represented UK native species (Stace, 2019), naturalized and alien species (Preston et al, 2002), and all horticultural species from the IRIS BG database at the National Botanic Garden of Wales. Species‐level coverage was 57% for rbcL and 52% for ITS2, and genus‐level coverage was 96% for rbcL and 84% for ITS2 (Jones, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal change in floral availability leads to periods of resource limitation and affects diet specificity in a generalist pollinator

et al. 2022

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New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora: An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Is hybridisation with non‐native congeneric species a threat to the UK native bluebell Hyacinthoides non‐scripta?

Is hybridisation with non‐native congeneric species a threat to the UK native bluebell Hyacinthoides non‐scripta?

British species that are present in Australia have different traits from British species that are not present in Australia

Temporal change in floral availability leads to periods of resource limitation and affects diet specificity in a generalist pollinator

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