New Awareness of the Interplay Between the Gut Microbiota and Circadian Rhythms

Pang, Xiaoxiao; Chen, Long; Xu, Guoxin

doi:10.33073/pjm-2023-046

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…Moreover, bioactive compounds such as (poly)phenols have also been shown to modulate the activation of genes involved in circadian clock genes and leptin, the hormone regulating the energy balance by suppressing hunger [ 57 ]. Disruptions in the sleep–wake cycle may lead to variations in the taxonomic configurations of gut microbiota, which in turn have been associated stress/anxiety episodes and sleep-related issues [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet and Sleep Features: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Godos,

Ferri,

Lanza

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The prevalence of sleep disorders, characterized by issues with quality, timing, and sleep duration is increasing globally. Among modifiable risk factors, diet quality has been suggested to influence sleep features. The Mediterranean diet is considered a landmark dietary pattern in terms of quality and effects on human health. However, dietary habits characterized by this cultural heritage should also be considered in the context of overall lifestyle behaviors, including sleep habits. This study aimed to systematically revise the literature relating to adherence to the Mediterranean diet and sleep features in observational studies. The systematic review comprised 23 reports describing the relation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and different sleep features, including sleep quality, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and insomnia symptoms. The majority of the included studies were conducted in the Mediterranean basin and reported a significant association between a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a lower likelihood of having poor sleep quality, inadequate sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness or symptoms of insomnia. Interestingly, additional studies conducted outside the Mediterranean basin showed a relationship between the adoption of a Mediterranean-type diet and sleep quality, suggesting that biological mechanisms sustaining such an association may exist. In conclusion, current evidence suggests a relationship between adhering to the Mediterranean diet and overall sleep quality and different sleep parameters. The plausible bidirectional association should be further investigated to understand whether the promotion of a healthy diet could be used as a tool to improve sleep quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet and Sleep Features: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Godos,

Ferri,

Lanza

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Characterizing the rhythmic oscillations of gut bacterial and fungal communities and their rhythmic interactions in male cynomolgus monkeys

Yang,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The circadian oscillation of gut microbiota plays vital roles in the normal physiology and health of the host. Although the diurnal oscillation of intestinal bacteria has been extensively studied, little relevant work has been done on intestinal fungi. Besides, the rhythmic correlations between bacterial and fungal microbes are also scarcely reported. Here, we investigated the diurnal oscillations of bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys by performing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. As for bacterial genera, we found that the relative abundance of Prevotella , norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, and Peptococcus underwent significant changes at ZT12 (19:00) and exhibited obvious rhythmic oscillations. Consequently, most of the bacterial functions varied at ZT12 and were positively correlated with the bacterial genera norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Prevotella . Among the fungal genera, the relative abundance of Aspergillus and Talaromyces decreased at ZT18 (1:00) and showed slight rhythmic oscillations. As for the fungal function, the undefined saprotroph showed slight rhythmic oscillation and was positively correlated with the fungal genus Aspergillus . Notably, we characterized the correlations between intestinal bacteria and fungi every 6 h over the course of a day and found that the bacterial and fungal microbes interacted closely, with the most bacteria–fungi interactions occurring at ZT12. Our study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the diurnal oscillation patterns of bacterial and fungal microbes in male cynomolgus monkeys and uncovered their correlations during a diurnal cycle. IMPORTANCE The rhythmic oscillation of gut microbiota can impact the physiology activity and disease susceptibility of the host. Until now, most of the studies are focused on bacterial microbes, ignoring other components of gut microbes, such as fungal microbes (mycobiota). Besides, only few studies have addressed the rhythmic correlations between gut bacteria and fungi. Here, we analyzed the rhythmic oscillations of bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys by performing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. Apart from identifying the rhythmically oscillated bacterial and fungal microbes, we conducted the correlation analysis between these two microbial communities and found that the intestinal bacteria and fungi exhibited close interactions rhythmically, with the most interactions occurring at ZT12. Thus, our study not only investigated the rhythmic oscillations of gut bacterial and fungal communities in male cynomolgus monkeys but also uncovered their rhythmic interactions.

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Gut microbiome-brain crosstalk in the early life of chicken reveals the circadian regulation of key metabolic and immune signaling processes

Gupta,

Cilkiz,

Ibrahim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Circadian rhythms are innate biological systems that control everyday behavior and physiology. Furthermore, bilateral interaction between the host's circadian rhythm and the gut microbes influences a variety of health ramifications, including metabolic diseases, obesity, and mental health. Several studies have revealed how neurological components interact with GALT physiology and the microbiome population in the host. Keeping these factors in regard, we are studying the correlation between differential gene expression in the chicken brain and microbiota abundance during circadian rhythms. To study rhythmic oscillations in immune genes, we raised freshly hatched chicks under two photoperiod treatments: normal photoperiod (NP = 12/12 LD) and extended photoperiod (EP 23/1 LD). The chicks were randomly assigned to one of two treatments. After 21 days of circadian entrainment, the chicks were euthanized at nine-time points spaced six hours apart over 48 hours to characterize the brain transcriptomes. Each sample's RNA was extracted, and 36 mRNA libraries were created and sequenced using Illumina technology, followed by data processing, count data generation, and differential gene expression analysis. Results We generated an average of 17.5 million reads per library for 237933593.3 reads. When aligned to the Galgal6 reference genome, 11,867 genes had detectable expression levels, with a common dispersion value of 0.105. To identify the genes that follow 24-hr rhythms counts per million data were performed in DiscoRhythm. We discovered 577 genes with Cosinor and 417 with the JTK cycle algorithm that exhibit substantial rhythms. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to analyze the correlation between differentially expressed genes and microbiota abundance. The most enriched pathways included aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, GABAergic synapse, oxidative phosphorylation, serotonergic synapse, dopaminergic synapse, and circadian entrainment. Conclusions Photoperiods and robust 24-hr rhythms differentially influenced key neurochemical and mitochondrial pathways during early life. Furthermore, the interaction between gut microbiota and host gene expression highlights the role that specific microbial taxa (like Lactobacillus) may play in the early-life regulation of homeostasis and provides promising avenues for application.

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New Awareness of the Interplay Between the Gut Microbiota and Circadian Rhythms

Cited by 4 publications

References 73 publications

Mediterranean Diet and Sleep Features: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Mediterranean Diet and Sleep Features: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Characterizing the rhythmic oscillations of gut bacterial and fungal communities and their rhythmic interactions in male cynomolgus monkeys

Gut microbiome-brain crosstalk in the early life of chicken reveals the circadian regulation of key metabolic and immune signaling processes

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