New benzotriazoles generated during textile dyeing process: Synthesis, hazard, water occurrence and aquatic risk assessment

Vendemiatti, Josiane Aparecida de Souza; Camparotto, Natália Gabriele; Vidal, Cristiane; Cristale, Joyce; Agapito, Estevão Vieira de Moraes; Oliveira, Ádria Calotto; Rodrigues, Everton Augusto; Montagner, Cassiana Carolina; Umbuzeiro, Gisela A.; Prediger, Patrícia

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123732

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Several studies have reported the occurrence of azo dyes and some by‐products in waters produced as a result of textile activities (Vacchi et al, 2017; Watanabe et al, 2006). Low concentrations of non‐Cl PBTA‐9 have also recently been found in four sampling locations from three Brazilian rivers, at the points where textile effluents were discharged (Vendemiatti et al, 2021). In addition to mutagenicity in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA97a, and YG1041 with metabolic activation (S9), samples of a synthetic non‐Cl PBTA‐9 were also able to induce acute toxicity in Daphnia similis (Vendemiatti et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The non‐Cl PBTA‐9 (99% of purity) was synthesized by the reduction of C.I. Disperse Violet 93 (DV93) using metallic zinc and ammonium chloride (Vendemiatti et al, 2021). It was purified using a silica gel column, and its structure was confirmed by hydrogen‐1 and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H and 13 C NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2‐phenylbenzotriazoles (PBTAs) are a class of unintentionally generated by‐products of the textile dyeing process, resulting from reducing agents added to remove dyes that are unattached to the fibers (Shiozawa et al, 1998; Vendemiatti et al, 2021). In addition, chlorinated PBTAs can be formed during effluent disinfection (Shiozawa et al, 1998; Shiozawa et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a new non‐chlorinated PBTA (non‐Cl PBTA‐9), derived from the dye C.I. Disperse Violet 93 (DV93), was found in Brazilian rivers, in sites influenced by textile effluents (Vendemiatti et al, 2021). Although no data on its aquatic toxicity are available, the study revealed that the synthetic compound was even more mutagenic than the parental dye, in the Ames Salmonella /microsome assay in the presence of metabolic activation (Vendemiatti et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disperse Violet 93 (DV93), was found in Brazilian rivers, in sites influenced by textile effluents (Vendemiatti et al, 2021). Although no data on its aquatic toxicity are available, the study revealed that the synthetic compound was even more mutagenic than the parental dye, in the Ames Salmonella /microsome assay in the presence of metabolic activation (Vendemiatti et al, 2021). As there are not in vivo on the toxicogenetic potential of this new non‐Cl PBTA, we investigated mutagenic and histological alterations in mice orally exposed to non‐Cl PBTA‐9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutagenicity of a novel 2‐phenylbenzotriazole (non‐chlorinated 2‐phenylbenzotriazole‐9) in mice

Tanamachi

Fernandes

Vendemiatti

et al. 2021

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Dinitrophenylazo dyes can form 2‐phenylbenzotriazoles (PBTAs) in the textile dyeing process upon the addition of chemical reducing agents. Some dinitrophenylazo dyes, as well as their respective reduced (non‐chlorinated) and chlorinated PBTAs, are now found in rivers owing to wastewater from textile plants. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxicity of a new PBTA derived from C.I. Disperse Violet 93 azo dye, namely non‐Cl PBTA‐9. Primary DNA damage in the blood, liver, and colon cells, micronucleated cells in the bone marrow, and gene expression (NAT2, CYP1A1, TRP53, and CDKN1A) in liver cells were observed in mice, at acute oral exposure (gavage) doses of 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg body weight (b.w.). The non‐chlorinated PBTA‐9 caused DNA damage in the blood and liver (at 500 μg/kg b.w.) and in colon cells (at 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg), and increased the frequency of micronucleated cells in the bone marrow (at 5 and 50 μg/kg). No histological alterations or gene expression changes were observed. In conclusion, in vivo exposure to non‐chlorinated PBTA‐9 induced genetic damage in various rodent tissues, corroborating results previously obtained from the Ames test. Because this compound has been detected in rivers, exposure to humans and biota is a major concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mutagenicity of a novel 2‐phenylbenzotriazole (non‐chlorinated 2‐phenylbenzotriazole‐9) in mice

Tanamachi

Fernandes

Vendemiatti

et al. 2021

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Review on Recent Advances of Synthesis, Magnetic Properties, and Water Treatment Applications of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites

Vinosha

Manikandan

Preetha

et al. 2021

J Supercond Nov Magn

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Molecular characterization and ecotoxicological evaluation of the natural dye madder and its chlorinated products

Freeman

Santos

Chen

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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There has been increased interest in the use of natural dyes for textile coloration as alternatives to synthetic dyes, due to the general belief that natural dyes are more environmentally friendly. However, natural dyes have poor a nity for textiles, which can lead to high dye levels in the resultant wastewater.While chlorine treatment has proven to be effective for dye wastewater disinfection and decolorization, this process can also lead to the formation of more toxic degradation products for certain synthetic dyes. On the other hand, little information is available regarding the ecotoxicity of natural dyes and their chlorination products. To advance knowledge in this area, madder was selected due to its historical importance and wide application in the textile industry. Speci cally, we sought to characterize the chlorine-induced degradation products of an aqueous madder solution and to assess their ecotoxicity. The main component of the present madder sample was Alizarin (89.8%). Chlorination led to complete decolorization, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and phthalic anhydride were identi ed as key degradation products. Chlorination of madder decreased toxicity to Daphnia similis (microcrustacean) 10-fold and removed the toxicity to Raphidocellis subcapitata (algae), when compared to the parent dye.

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New benzotriazoles generated during textile dyeing process: Synthesis, hazard, water occurrence and aquatic risk assessment

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Mutagenicity of a novel 2‐phenylbenzotriazole (non‐chlorinated 2‐phenylbenzotriazole‐9) in mice

Mutagenicity of a novel 2‐phenylbenzotriazole (non‐chlorinated 2‐phenylbenzotriazole‐9) in mice

Review on Recent Advances of Synthesis, Magnetic Properties, and Water Treatment Applications of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites

Molecular characterization and ecotoxicological evaluation of the natural dye madder and its chlorinated products

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