New Biomarkers for Diagnosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Abstract

In Japan, major causes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are type 2 diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and nephrosclerosis. Renal replacement therapies are hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Since PD patients have shown some complications, such as peritonitis, infections of the exit sites of catheters, and encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), it is necessary to determine infections at an early stage of PD. Although a definite diagnosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is made through the biopsy of renal tissue and peritoneum, we cannot always perform such diagnostic procedures. Thus, it is necessary to develop non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers prior to biopsies in CKD patients. The objective of this review is to explain the efficacy of new biomarkers in such patients.