New Botrylloides, Botryllus, and Symplegma (Ascidiacea: Styelidae) in Coral Reefs of the Southern Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea

Palomino-Alvarez, Lilian A.; Nydam, Marie L.; Rocha, Rosana Moreira da; Simões, Nuno

doi:10.3390/d14110977

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The NCBI Blast analysis revealed that all samples from the present study exhibited a coverage above 99% with the B. humilis samples, which were referred to as Botryllus sp. hu in the NBCI record (Table S3, Palomino-Alvarez et al, 2022). The genetic distance between the Mexico samples and the present study samples was less than 1%, and a 1% distance was observed between the samples of the present study and the Israeli B. anceps sample (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…However, the PTP analysis suggests the possibility of a distinct species in the Kızkalesi region. Previous studies have reported highlighted significant genetic differences (>10%) within botryllid ascidian species (Rocha et al, 2019;Palomino-Alvarez, 2022;Reem et al, 2022), underscoring the necessity for thorough morphological examinations to arrive at definitive conclusions regarding the species' classification. Until further examination is conducted, the possibility of two sister species should be considered; B. israeliense from the Tisan region and Botrylloides sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seven ascidian (Tunicata) species from the North Eastern Mediterranean

KARAHAN,

TEMIZ,

ÖZTÜRK

et al. 2023

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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Members of the tunicates, a subphylum of marine filter-feeder chordates, inhabit all marine and oceanic habitats from the subtidal to the abyssal. Considered the closest relatives to the vertebrates, the tunicates are widely used as model organisms for evo-devo, allorecognition, senescence, and whole-body regeneration studies. However, species boundaries are poorly understood due to the high morphological and genetic plasticity that characterizes many tunicate taxa. Here, we present findings on seven tunicate species (Botrylloides israeliense, Botrylloides sp., Botryllus humilis, Botryllus schlosseri, Symplegma brakenhielmi, Polyclinum constellatum and Didemnum perlucidum) sampled from six Turkish sites at the North Eastern Mediterranean Sea and employed the mitochondrial barcoding marker (COI) for evaluating the relationships among geographically restricted and widely spread ascidian species. Species delimitation was conducted using sequences generated in the current study in addition to sequences obtained from GenBank. General morphological features and colors of colonies were recorded at sampling sites. Then, all Styelidae colonies were attached and cultured on slides in an aquaculture room, enabling the study of other features, such as zooid distributions and sizes, oral tentacle numbers, and life cycles, using stereo and light microscopes. The spicules of formalin-fixed Didemnum perlucidum samples were examined under a light microscope. Then, scientific names were assigned to all species based on the results of the species delimitation and on comparisons of the obtained COI sequences with GenBank sequences. A putative new Botrylloides species (Botrylloides sp.) from the Antalya region was revealed, with a 99% match with the COI gene of another specimen from Saudi Arabia; further waiting for detailed traditional taxonomy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven ascidian (Tunicata) species from the North Eastern Mediterranean

KARAHAN,

TEMIZ,

ÖZTÜRK

et al. 2023

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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“…Ascidian species named after ascidiologists…and their loved ones. (a) Botryllus lambertorum , discovered and described by Marie Nydam, Lilian Palomino‐Alvarez, and Rosana Rocha, and dedicated to Gretchen and Charles Lambert (Palomino‐Alvarez et al, 2022). (b) Didemnum lambertae , discovered by Rosana Rocha (Rocha et al, 2015).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

1st International Symposium on Women in Tunicate Biology: Meeting report

Di Gregorio,

Nydam

2023

Genesis

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“…A Botryllus-only clade (Clade "a") is the sister clade to the rest of the ingroup, including both Botryllus and Botrylloides species (Figure 3 and Supplementary Figure 5). We were able to examine and describe the morphological characteristics of 4 of the 7 species forming Clade "a": Botryllus camur (Palomino-Alvarez et al, 2022), Botryllus bonanzus (Palomino-Alvarez et al, 2022), Botryllus primigenus B (Salonna et al, 2021), and Botryllus watanabei n. sp. (Supplementary File 2).…”

Section: Sample Identification Reveals a Hidden Botryllid Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics and systematics of botryllid ascidians, and implications for the evolution of allorecognition

Nydam,

Lemmon,

Lemmon

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Allorecognition, the ability of an organism to distinguish kin from non-kin, or self from non-self, has been studied extensively in a group of invertebrate chordates, the colonial ascidians called botryllids (Subphylum Tunicata, Class Ascidiacea, Family Styelidae). When two conspecific botryllid colonies come in contact, there are two potential outcomes to an allorecognition reaction: fusion or rejection. The rejection outcome of allorecognition varies by species, and has been classified by type (referred to as R-Type). R-Type is defined according to how far the fusion process progresses before the rejection begins, since the rejection reaction appears as an interference of the fusion process. Here, we map the evolution of R-Types onto an extended and robust phylogeny of the botryllids. In this study, we have reconstructed the largest phylogenomic tree of botryllids, including 97 samples and more than 40 different species, and mapped on it nine of the 13 species for which the R-Type is known. Based on the R-Type known in a single outgroup species (Symplegma reptans), we infer that at least R-Type B and E-like could be ancestral to the Botrylloides/Botryllus group. However, the application of ancestral character state reconstructions does not provide conclusive results since several clades show more than one equiparsimonious R-Type state. Notably, all R-Type A species are clustered together and certainly evolved later than other R-Types. Our phylogenomic tree has been built on 177 nuclear loci and nearly all clades are well supported. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses also take into account the results of species delimitation analyses based on the mitochondrial COI gene and of careful morphological analyses of the samples. The implementation of this integrated taxonomic approach, combining morphological as well as nuclear and mitochondrial data, has allowed the description of six new species, and the identification of a number of putative unnamed taxa. Thus, our results also demonstrate the existence of an unexplored hidden diversity within botryllids.

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New Botrylloides, Botryllus, and Symplegma (Ascidiacea: Styelidae) in Coral Reefs of the Southern Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Seven ascidian (Tunicata) species from the North Eastern Mediterranean

Seven ascidian (Tunicata) species from the North Eastern Mediterranean

1st International Symposium on Women in Tunicate Biology: Meeting report

Phylogenomics and systematics of botryllid ascidians, and implications for the evolution of allorecognition

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