New categories for traditional medicine in the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard

Gruca, Marta; Cámara‐Leret, Rodrigo; Macía, Manuel J.; Balslev, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.047

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Palms were primarily used to treat primary health problems such as Diarrhea (Digestive system), Fever (General ailments with unspecific symptoms), Cough and Cold (Respiratory system), Anemia (Blood and cardiovascular system), and as Anthelmintic (Infections and infestations), which were the most important conditions reported in our review, mainly from the Amazon. But palms are also used to treat illnesses, ailments, and diseases in all the proposed subcategories (Cook, 1995;Macía et al, 2011, Gruca et al, 2014, and such use has been supported and supplemented by our fieldwork. The frequent treatment of ailments related to Skin and subcutaneous tissue, like Wounds, Skin infections and Abscesses, as well as the other most important illnesses like a Headache and Body pain (General ailments with unspecific symptoms), Rheumatism and arthritis, Muscular pain and Back pain (Muscular-skeletal system) and as Snake bite antidote and Insect bite (Poisonings), show their importance in response to immediate health needs associated with common human activities, while working in the fields, hunting and fishing, and gathering resources.…”

Section: Subcategories Of Health Disorders Treated With Palmsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Palms were also used to treat popular and cultural ailments such as Freight (Susto), Witchcraft (Hechicería), Bad air (Mal aire), and Evil eye (Mal de ojo), although these are not diseases sensu-stricto under western medicinal nomenclature (Gruca et al, 2014). However, these conditions are considered diseases within the local classification of diseases and form part of the local cosmovision.…”

Section: Subcategories Of Health Disorders Treated With Palmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Medicinal Use of Palms Across Northwestern South America

2015

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We carried out a comprehensive literature review of the medicinal use of palms in northwestern South America and complemented it with a large number of field interviews. We investigated patterns of medicinal use across three ecoregions (Amazon, Andes, Chocó), four countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia), and three human groups (indigenous, mestizos, and Afro-Americans). Overall, we reviewed 129 references with medicinal palm data and conducted 1956 field interviews, which yielded 93 medicinal palm species, 924 uses for the treatment of 157 diseases and ailments, and 1553 use-reports. The Amazon ecoregion showed the highest incidence of medicinal use, but overall use patterns were similar to those in the Andes and the Chocó. Ecuador was the most intensively studied country, whereas our fieldwork demonstrated that the Andes of all countries, and the Chocó of Colombia could still yield more information. The most common medicinal uses were associated to Digestive system, Skin and subcutaneous tissue, Infections and infestations, and Respiratory system. The medicinal use of palms was clearly more prominent among the indigenous than amongst mestizos and Afro-Americans. Medicinal palm use was not random, but rather showed similar patterns across ecoregions and countries, covering the livelihoods and needs of primary health care, often unmet by Western health systems.

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Section: Subcategories Of Health Disorders Treated With Palmsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Subcategories Of Health Disorders Treated With Palmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Medicinal Use of Palms Across Northwestern South America

2015

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“…Including "social uses" as another, separate use category, also makes little sense, as all medicinal uses are "social" by their very nature. Remarkably, Gruca et al (2014) suggested that "cultural diseases and disorders", which they also refer to as "culture-bound syndromes", and occasionally are referred to as "folk illnesses" (Browner et al, 1988) should be included as a separate medical category in the EBDCS. They suggest that this would "give a more accurate insight into traditional medicine".…”

Section: The "Economic Botany Data Collection Standard" (Ebdcs) and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggest that this would "give a more accurate insight into traditional medicine". As examples for "culture-bound syndromes" the authors cite amongst others "susto" ("fright"; also "espanto") and "evil eye" (Gruca et al, 2014). These are emotional states, which are treated with medicinal plants but frequently also with rituals and ceremonies (Foster and Anderson, 1978;pp.…”

Section: The "Economic Botany Data Collection Standard" (Ebdcs) and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying diseases and remedies in ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology

Staub

Geck

Weckerle

et al. 2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

171

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnopharmacology focuses on the understanding of local and indigenous use of medicines and therefore an emic approach is inevitable. Often, however, standard biomedical disease classifications are used to describe and analyse local diseases and remedies. Standard classifications might be a valid tool for cross-cultural comparisons and bioprospecting purposes but are not suitable to understand the local perception of disease and use of remedies. Different standard disease classification system exist but their suitability for cross-cultural comparisons of ethnomedical data has never been assessed. Depending on the research focus, (I) ethnomedical, (II) cross-cultural, and (III) bioprospecting, we provide suggestions for the use of specific classification systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyse three different standard biomedical classification systems (the International Classification of Diseases (ICD); the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS); and the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC)), and discuss their value for categorizing diseases of ethnomedical systems and their suitability for cross-cultural research in ethnopharmacology. Moreover, based on the biomedical uses of all approved plant derived biomedical drugs, we propose a biomedical therapy-based classification system as a guide for the discovery of drugs from ethnopharmacological sources. RESULTS: Widely used standards, such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) by the WHO and the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS) are either technically challenging due to a categorization system based on clinical examinations, which are usually not possible during field research (ICD) or lack clear biomedical criteria combining disorders and medical effects in an imprecise and confusing way (EBDCS). The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC), also accepted by the WHO, has more in common with ethnomedical reality than the ICD or the EBDCS, as the categories are designed according to patient's perceptions and are less influenced by clinical medicine. Since diagnostic tools are not required, medical ethnobotanists and ethnopharmacologists can easily classify reported symptoms and complaints with the ICPC in one of the "chapters" based on 17 body systems, psychological and social problems. Also the biomedical uses of plant-derived drugs are classifiable into 17 broad organ-and therapy-based use-categories but can easily be divided into more specific subcategories. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the research focus (I-III) we propose the following classification systems. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could aff...

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“…Les maladies citées par les tradipraticiens ont été regroupées en catégories selon la classification standard des usages des plantes médicinales (Cook, 1995 ;Gruca et al, 2014). Les auteurs précités présument que les catégories correspondant à un grand nombre des mentions reflètent les maux qui affectent le plus la population.…”

Section: Plantes Médicinales Et Pratiques Médicales Associéesunclassified

Les Plantes Médicinales De La Région Montagneuse De Kahuzi- Biega en République Démocratique Du Congo : Utilisation, Accessibilité Et Consensus Des Tradipraticiens

Shalukoma¹,

Bogaert²,

Duez³

et al. 2015

Bois for. trop.

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En ethnobotanique, des aspects comme l’influence de l’accessibilité d’une plante sur sa fréquence d’usage, le consensus entre les tradipraticiens autour des rela- tions maladie-plante ainsi que le degré de fidélité d’une plante à une catégorie de maladies sont essentiels pour évaluer une tradition médicinale ; mais ils sont d’une interprétation difficile. Nous avons exploré ces aspects dans cette étude basée sur des entretiens semi-structurés avec 88 tradi- praticiens issus des communautés Batwa, Havu, Shi et Tembo dans les localités situées à proximité de la forêt de montagne du Parc national de Kahuzi-Biega, en pro- vince du Sud-Kivu, à l’Est de la République démocratique du Congo. Il s’avère que 77 espèces végétales sont utilisées pour traiter les pathologies regroupées dans 18 catégories de maladies, dont les plus fré- quentes sont les troubles digestifs et les infections. Lesfeuilles et les écorces sont les parties les plus utilisées dans les recettes majoritairement monoplantes et principa- lement préparées en solutions aqueuses. Bien que la corrélation entre l’accessibilité des plantes et leurs fréquences d’usage soit positive (H = 17,64 ; p < 0,001), certaines plantes forestières pourtant moins acces- sibles connaissent des fréquences d’usage particulièrement élevées. Le facteur de consensus des tradipraticiens est globale- ment élevé, particulièrement pour les caté- gories de troubles musculo-squelettiques (= 0,83) et les infections (= 0,80). Toutes les catégories de maladies fidélisent au moins une plante malgré les taux globalement faibles. Bien qu’exploratoires, nos résultats suggèrent un certain ancrage d’une tradi- tion médicinale au sein de communautés locales de la région. Cet ancrage suppose une bonne connaissance des plantes médicinales, une transmission intergénéra- tionnelle des savoirs ainsi qu’une certaine collaboration entre les tradipraticiens. Plus d’études sont nécessaires pour évaluer davantage ces différents aspects.

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New categories for traditional medicine in the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Patterns of Medicinal Use of Palms Across Northwestern South America

Patterns of Medicinal Use of Palms Across Northwestern South America

Classifying diseases and remedies in ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology

Les Plantes Médicinales De La Région Montagneuse De Kahuzi- Biega en République Démocratique Du Congo : Utilisation, Accessibilité Et Consensus Des Tradipraticiens

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