New-chitosan characterization and its bioassay in different salinity solutions using Artemia salina as bio tester

Apetroaei, Manuela Rossemary; Paduretu, Carla; Rău, Ileana; Schröder, Verginica

doi:10.1007/s11696-018-0440-8

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The chitosan obtained from R. venosa egg capsules had a molar mass of 1.5–3 kDa, which was significantly lower than the molar mass of chitosan obtained from shrimp (350–490 kDa) or the molar mass of commercial chitosan (50–190 kDa) 18 . In addition, its solubility in acetic acid (1%) and its toxicity were different than those of standard chitosan 17 , 18 .The capsule structure showed fluorescent emissions (Table 3 ) of yellow-green (λ ex = 450–490 nm, λ em = 515–520 nm) and red (λ ex = 510–550 nm; λ em = 580–590 nm). The same effect was observed for granular chitosan obtained from these capsules (after deproteinization).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Our previous structural analysis 16 – 18 using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in transmission mode performed on R; venosa egg capsules and on chitosan samples obtained from R. venosa egg capsules after deproteinization (R-Ch) and from shrimp waste (P-Ch) and on commercial chitosan (C-Ch) showed the presence of stretching vibrations assigned to carbonyl from the acetamide group of chitin in the spectra of the C-Ch and P-Ch samples. Compared with those spectra, small shifts and weaker bands were observed in the spectra of R-Ch and R. venosa egg capsule samples, in which the vibrations were assigned to the carbonyl groups of amides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micromorphological details and identification of chitinous wall structures in Rapana venosa (Gastropoda, Mollusca) egg capsules

Schröder

Rău

Dobrin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The present study evaluated the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of Rapana venosa egg capsules, starting from observations of their antifouling activity and mechanical resistance to water currents in mid-shore habitats. Optical microscopy, epifluorescence, and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the surface and structure of the R. venosa egg capsules. These measurements revealed an internal multilamellar structure of the capsule wall with in-plane distributions of layers with various orientations. It was found that the walls contained vacuolar structures in the median layer, which provided the particular characteristics. Mechanical, viscoelastic and swelling measurements were also carried out. This study revealed the presence and distribution of chitosan in the capsule of R. venosa. Chitosan identification in the egg capsule wall structure was carried out through SEM-EDX measurements, colorimetric assays, FT-IR spectra and physical-chemical tests. The biopolymer presence in the capsule walls may explain the properties of their surfaces as well as the mechanical resistance of the capsule and its resistance to chemical variations in the living environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromorphological details and identification of chitinous wall structures in Rapana venosa (Gastropoda, Mollusca) egg capsules

Schröder

Rău

Dobrin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…As evident from Figure 4 , the % mortality was found to be appreciably higher in method B CSNPs than method A CSNPs. However, the cytotoxicity of CS was found to vary between fresh and salt water media, a decrease in the salinity caused an increase in the cytotoxicity, which can be attributed to the inflation of membrane penetration, due to the breach in ionic homoeostasis [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of CS on the lethality and cell growth of Artemia spp. is highly influenced by the molar mass of CS [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on chitosan nanoparticle synthesis methodologies for application in aquaculture through toxicity studies

Bhoopathy

Inbakandan

Ramanathan

et al. 2021

IET Nanobiotechnology

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Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been recently used for various applications in aquaculture, especially as drug carriers. The aim of this study was to synthesise and investigate a superlative method of CSNP synthesis for application in aquaculture through aquaculture-based toxicology screening methods. Two different methods were analysed: the first a direct ionic gelation method (A) and the other involving a low-molecular-weight chitosan microparticle intermediate method (B). Dynamic light scattering characterisation revealed that the CSNP particle sizes were 192.7 ± 11.8 and 22.9 nm from methods A and B, respectively. The LC 50 values for brine shrimp toxicitywerefoundtobe1.51and0.02pptin24hfor methodsAandB,respectively.Acutetoxicity studies in Litopenaeus vannamei rendered LC 50 values of 3235.94 and 2884.03 ppt in 24 h for methods A and B, respectively. Zebrafish toxicity studies revealed mortality rates of 21.67% and 55% at 20 mg/L concentration for methods A and B, respectively, with an increased expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species in method B. From these findings, it can be concluded that a comparatively reduced toxicity of CSNPs derived from ionic gelation method makes it more appropriate for application in aquaculture. 1 | INTRODUCTION Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable compound, obtained from the deacetylation of N-acetylglucosamine subunits of the polysaccharide chitin; CS is widely used as a drug-delivery agent [1], and is applied in various fields such as the cosmetics, biomedical, and food industries, including aquaculture [2]. Its biocompatibility renders an enhanced membrane permeability property, which therefore makes it a propitious drug-delivery agent, principally in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) [3]. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) are favourable drug carriers, especially for DNA vaccines and supplements, such as RNA nucleotides, vitamin C, hormones, etc. Oral administration of CSNPs has been shown to possess immune-inducing activities in the field of aquaculture [4]. CSNPs have also been efficiently used in the form of films for preserving the fillets of sardine, croaker, salmon and trout [5-8]. In aquaculture, CSNPs has also been used to deliver biological molecules and vaccines, orally or parenterally, in several organisms, specifically in Clarias magur, Litopenaeus vannamei, Labeo rohita, Solea senegalensis, and Lates calcarifer [3,9-12]. CSNPs are prepared by several methods, the most widely used being ionotropic gelation, polyelectrolyte complex, emulsification solvent diffusion, reverse micellar method, and microemulsion [13]. Among these methods, ionic or ionotropic gelation is most commonly used due to its low-energy requirement and the non-toxic nature of the raw materials utilised in the synthesis process [14]. The synthesis process involves cross-linking of CS to poly-anionic sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) to form CS-TPP NPs. Ionic gelation synthesis yields CSNPs within a size range of 100-300 nm, dependent on several factors like temperature, pH, concentration of...

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“…The brine shrimp larvae (BSL) test was performed according to the method described by Apetroaei et al (2018) [114]. For the experiment, commercially purchased Artemia salina eggs (Artemia Hobby; Manufacturer: DAJANA PET) were used.…”

Section: Brine Shrimp (Artemia Salina) Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Screening of Ecotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Ailanthus altissima Leaf Extract against Target and Non-Target Plant and Animal Cells

Cocîrlea,

Simionescu,

Petrovici

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Ailanthus altissima, an invasive plant species, exhibits pharmacological properties, but also some allergic effects on humans. This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of A. altissima leaves, using a complex approach towards different organisms. The ecotoxic impact of a crude extract was investigated on seeds germination and brine shrimp lethality. Cytotoxicity was studied in vitro using non-target (haemolysis, liposomal model, fibroblast), and target (cancer cells) assays. Leaf extract at 1000 µg/mL significantly inhibited wheat and tomato germination, while no significant effects were found on parsley germination. A slight stimulatory effect on wheat and tomato germination was found at 125 µg/mL. In a brine shrimp-test, the extract showed a low toxicity at 24 h post-exposure (LC50 = 951.04 ± 28.26 μg/mL), the toxic effects increasing with the exposure time and extract concentration. Leaf extract caused low hematotoxicity. The extract was biocompatible with human gingival fibroblasts. No anti-proliferative effect was found within the concentration range of 10–500 µg/mL on malignant melanoma (MeWo) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). In a liposomal model-test, the extract proved to possess low capability to alter the eukaryotic cell-mimicking membranes within the tested concentration range. Given the low to moderate toxicity on tested organisms/cells, the A. altissima autumn leaves may find useful applications.

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New-chitosan characterization and its bioassay in different salinity solutions using Artemia salina as bio tester

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Micromorphological details and identification of chitinous wall structures in Rapana venosa (Gastropoda, Mollusca) egg capsules

Micromorphological details and identification of chitinous wall structures in Rapana venosa (Gastropoda, Mollusca) egg capsules

A comparative study on chitosan nanoparticle synthesis methodologies for application in aquaculture through toxicity studies

In Vitro Screening of Ecotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Ailanthus altissima Leaf Extract against Target and Non-Target Plant and Animal Cells

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