New Clinicoepidemiologic Profile of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Morocco

Roubal, M.; Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed; Fellah, Hajiba; Azmi, Kifaya; Amarir, Fatima; Al-Jawabreh, Amer; Ereqat, Suheir; Planer, Joseph D.; Abdeen, Ziad

doi:10.3201/eid1309.060946

Cited by 103 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Diagnósticos por meio de biologia molecular, como a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) ainda são onerosos e restritos a trabalhos cientí-ficos, apesar das irrefutáveis demonstrações das vantagens de suas sensibilidade e especificidade 28,29,30,31 . Tojal et al 25 , utilizando PCR mKDNA, encontraram 100% de positividade entre 50 pacientes da cidade de Rio Branco.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Estado do Acre, Amazônia brasileira

Silva

Muniz

2009

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Estado do Acre, Amazônia brasileira

Silva

Muniz

2009

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…It has been applied to the distinction of sympatric species, especially in the Mediterranean region, as well as for the identification of imported cases (Harms et al 2003;Al-Jawabreh et al 2004;Rhajaoui et al 2007). By digesting the ITS1 PCR product with only 1 restriction enzyme, HaeIII, all medically relevant Leishmania species can be distinguished.…”

Section: O L E C U L a R E P I D E M I O L O G Y A N D M O L E C U mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, changes in the epidemiology of the leishmaniases have been reported from different endemic areas in the Old and New World. This includes amongst others, the emergence of new endemic foci (Karunaweera et al 2003;Rhajaoui et al 2007;Sharma et al 2009): the spread of parasites to new areas (Jacobson et al 2003;Capelli et al 2004;Nasereddin et al 2005); the sympatric presence of multiple species of Leishmania with overlapping clinical pictures (Al-Jawabreh et al 2004;Sharma et al 2005); the identification of new parasite-vector associations (Svobodova et al 2006a), indications of anthroponotic transmission of L. infantum (Svobodova et al 2009) and of zoonotic transmission for L. tropica (Svobodova et al 2006b); and the isolation of new as yet unclassified members of the genus Leishmania from CL cases (Noyes et al 2002;Villinski et al 2008). The (re-)emergence and spread of these diseases observed worldwide have been attributed to 3 main risk factors: (i) environmental changes of human origin, (ii) immunosuppression, and (iii) treatment failure and drug resistance (Dujardin, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

2010

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S U M M A R YMolecular approaches are being used increasingly for epidemiological studies of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases. Several molecular markers resolving genetic differences between Leishmania parasites at species and strain levels have been developed to address key epidemiological and population genetic questions. The current gold standard, multilocus enzyme typing (MLEE), needs cultured parasites and lacks discriminatory power. PCR assays identifying species directly with clinical samples have proven useful in numerous field studies. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is potentially the most powerful phylogenetic approach and will, most probably, replace MLEE in the future. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) is able to discriminate below the zymodeme level and seems to be the best candidate for becoming the gold standard for distinction of strains. Population genetic studies by MLMT revealed geographical and hierarchic population structure in L. tropica, L. major and the L. donovani complex. The existence of hybrids and gene flow between Leishmania populations suggests that sexual recombination is more frequent than previously thought. However, typing and analytical tools need to be further improved. Accessible databases should be created and sustained for integrating data obtained by different researchers. This would allow for global analyses and help to avoid biases in analyses due to small sample sizes.

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“…This is especially important as opposed to traditional methods of determining infection from patient history and microscopy (Rhajaoui et al 2007). In Morocco, local physicians and healthcare administrators often do not realize that different species of Leishmania require differential treatments, which can result in a failure to diagnose more serious disease.…”

Section: Leishmaniasis In Moroccomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both CL and VL have been reported. During the past 20 years, CL has emerged as a major public health threat in Morocco (Rhajaoui et al 2007). Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major has been reported in Morocco since 1914 (Rioux et al 1986).…”

Section: Leishmaniasis In Moroccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis in northern and western Africa: a review

Kimutai¹,

Ngure²,

Tonui³

et al. 2010

African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Leishmaniasis, one of the highly neglected diseases is currently a significant health problem in northern Africa with a rising concern in western Africa because of co-infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In this review, we present a summarized analysis of the epidemiology, infective species, parasites reservoirs, diagnosis, treatment and control measures of leishmaniasis in northern and western Africa region. In northern Africa, the disease is prevalent in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Comparatively, there are low prevalence rates of the disease in West African countries including Cameroon, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. In North Africa, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by L. infantum and transmitted by Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. longicuspis. On the other hand, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is mainly caused by L. major and transmitted by P. papatasi, P. duboscqi and P. pedifer with L. infantum and L. tropica causing lower incidences of the disease. Notably, Algeria is one of the countries that constitute 90% of CL cases worldwide. In Western Africa; CL is caused by L. major while VL is caused by L. donovani. In these regions, zoonotic and anthroponotic cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis is a health problem that should be addressed urgently.

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New Clinicoepidemiologic Profile of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Morocco

Cited by 103 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Estado do Acre, Amazônia brasileira

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Estado do Acre, Amazônia brasileira

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

Leishmaniasis in northern and western Africa: a review

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