New Color-Patterned Species of Microtendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae) and a Deep Intraspecific Divergence of Species by DNA Barcodes

Abstract

The genus Microtendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) has a nearly worldwide distribution, comprising more than 60 species, which are further divided into two species groups based on larval stage. However, species delimitation and identification among the adults of this genus are controversial and uncertain. For instance, previous studies have provided many synonymies based on conspecific color pattern variations in Microtendipes species. Here, we used DNA barcode data to address Microtendipes species delimitation as well as to test whether color pattern variations can be diagnostic characters for interspecific identification. The 151 DNA barcodes used, 51 of which were contributed by our laboratory, represent 21 morphospecies. Species with specific color patterns could be accurately separated based on DNA barcodes. Consequently, the color patterns of adult males could be important diagnostic characters. The average intraspecific and interspecific sequence divergences were 2.8% and 12.5%, respectively, and several species exhibited deep intraspecific divergences higher than 5%. Molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) ranged from 21 to 73, based on methods including phylogenetic trees, the assemble species by automatic partitioning method, the Poisson tree process (PTP), and the general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) method. As a result of these analyses, five new species were recognized (M. baishanzuensis sp. nov., M. bimaculatus sp. nov., M. nigrithorax sp. nov., M. robustus sp. nov., and M. wuyiensis sp. nov.).

DNA Barcoding Supports “Color-Pattern’’-Based Species of Stictochironomus from China (Diptera: Chironomidae)

“…Most of the variable sites occurred in the third codon position. The average intraspecific divergence was 4.27%, which is higher than that in previous studies (0.9-2.8) [12,[35][36][37][38][39]. The high intraspecific divergence in our study can be attributed to four species (Stictochironomus sticticus (Fabricius): 16.81%; Stictochironomus pictulus (Meigen): 14.41%; Stictochironomus akizuki (Tokunaga): 15.56%; and Stictochironomus juncaii Qin, Shi and Wang: 9.35%; Table 2).…”

“…Chironomidae have evolved a diverse range of pigmentation patterns on different body parts, including the abdomen, thorax, wings, and legs [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The genus Stictochironomus is widely distributed, occurring in all biogeographical regions except Antarctica, and is characterized by a combination of distinctive wing and leg markings, lack of frontal setae, conical scutal tubercle, fused tibial combs, usually with only one spur, and a distally flattened gonostylus with mobile inferior volsella bent laterally [ 13 ].…”

DNA Barcoding de espécies de >i<Trichogramma>/i< (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) associados a lepidópteros-praga e filogeografia de >i<T. pretiosum>/i< no Brasil

“…A alta taxa de mutações presentes no gene mitocondrial citocromo c oxidase subunidade I (COI), fez com que esse marcador fosse sugerido universalmente como DNA barcoding para as espécies de animais (HEBERT et al, 2003;SUJEEVAN;HEBERT, 2007). O número de estudos envolvendo DNA Barcoding para diferentes espécies vem crescendo exponencialmente nas últimas décadas, colaborando para resolução de problemáticas taxonômicas, descoberta de espécies crípticas, na identificação de insetos imaturos e até mesmo quando a amostragem inclui apenas partes do corpo de um inseto (ARAUJO et al, 2023;CHO et al, 2013;DESALLE;GOLDSTEIN, 2019;HAUSMANN et al, 2020;JALALI et al, 2015;KRUPITSKY et al, 2023;LI et al, 2020;SONG et al, 2018SONG et al, , 2023. Além disso, a produção de DNA barcoding é primordial para aplicação de técnicas de ampla identificação de espécies como metabarcoding, que hoje são utilizadas para o entendimento da diversidade ecológica de espécies e as interações entre as mesmas nas comunidades (CLARKE et al, 2014;DOPHEIDE et al, 2019;EVANS;KITSON, 2020;KRESS et al, 2015;VALENTINI et al, 2019).…”