New competitive dendrimer-based and highly selective immunosensor for determination of atrazine in environmental, feed and food samples: The importance of antibody selectivity for discrimination among related triazinic metabolites

Molecular imprinted membrane biosensor for pesticide detection: Perspectives and challenges

“…The most often detected pesticide compounds in agricultural areas were the key herbicides, atrazine (and its conversion product, deathylatrazine [DEA]), cyanazine, metolachlor, and alachlor, in United State national herbicide use for agriculture 12 . There are several techniques that have been recognized for atrazine detection, such as multivariate electronic spectroscopy, gas micellar electrokinetic chromatography, 18 voltammetry competitive immunosensor, 19 gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, thin‐layer chromatography, and high‐performance liquid chromatography. Nevertheless, these techniques have major disadvantages in large material consumption, complexity, and expensiveness.…”

Affinity Sensing Strategies for the Detection of Pesticides in Food

“…This ‘diffusion limitation’ leads to an increase of the resistance (analytical signal) of the electron transfer at the sensor surface. Other electrochemical techniques widely employed have been Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) [ 64 ], Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ], Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) [ 70 , 71 , 72 ], and amperometry [ 73 ]. In voltammetric analysis the information about the analyte is obtained by measuring the current as the potential is varied, while amperometric techniques involve measuring electric currents at fixed potential.…”

“…The use of enzymes or nanoparticles to label antibodies for labeled and competitive detection of pesticides has been also widely reported. Giannetto et al [ 68 ] realized a competitive immunosensor for atrazine, based on the immobilization of a conjugate atrazine-bovine serum albumine (ATR-BSA) onto a nanostructured gold substrate previously functionalized with poliamidoaminic dendrimers (PAMAM). ATR-BSA conjugate was immobilized on the electrode for the development of a competitive assay.…”

Selective QCM sensor based on atrazine imprinted polymer: Its application to wastewater sample

“…Therefore, it is critical to develop sufficiently sensitive methods for the detection and determination of ATR in wastewater. Recently, a number of analytical methods have been developed to detect ATR using gas micellar electro kinetic chromatography [17], voltammetric competitive immunosensor [18], multivariate electronic spectroscopy [19], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [20], thin-layer chromatography [21], and high-performance liquid chromatography [22]. But these methods have significant disadvantages in large material consumption, complexity, and expensiveness.…”